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Diagnostic manual - intellectual disability (DM-ID): a textbook of diagnosis of mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- FLETCHER Robert, et al, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- NADD Press
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 552p.
- Place of publication:
- Kingston, NY
This diagnostic manual was developed by the National Association for the Dually Diagnosed (NADD), in association with the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It aims to facilitate a more accurate psychiatric diagnosis of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Content includes a description of each psychiatric disorder, a summary of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, a review of the research and an evaluation of the strength of evidence supporting the literature conclusions.
Arson: characteristics and predisposing factors in offenders with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- DEVAPRIAM John, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Forensic Practice, 9(4), December 2007, pp.23-27.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This retrospective study focuses on examining the characteristics of offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the range of identified reasons for the offence. The study population consisted of 1,100 patients with ID who were in contact with psychiatric services at the Leicestershire Frith Hospital. Fifteen patients were identified as having committed arson. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of arson in this population, along with the fact that the majority of people with ID who have committed arson tend to bypass the criminal justice system. A significant number are likely to repeat the behaviour and will also commit other offences. The most common reason for arson appears to be revenge, closely followed by suggestibility. The majority has an associated diagnosis of personality disorders along with Axis 1 psychiatric diagnosis. Other factors include large family size, history of childhood psychiatric disorders, abuse, homelessness, unemployment and relationship difficulties.
Marilyn and me
- Author:
- EVERINGTON Shanta
- Publisher:
- Cinnamon Press
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 176p.
- Place of publication:
- Tanygrisiau, Blaenau Ffestiniog
Marilyn and Me is the story of Jane Marie Brown, a determined, fiesty and loving young woman who happens to have a mental disability. Jane's idol is Marilyn Monroe - so much so that she bleached her hair, has an extensive Marilyn Monroe collection of knick-knacks, and has unofficially changed her own name to Marilyn. The story begins with Marilyn in the hospital, recovering from a brutal attack she suffered while waiting at the bus stop on her way to a New Year's Eve party. Throughout the story, we learn just how deeply this personal, physical attack affects not only Marilyn, but also those around her - her family, friends, and care support workers. Everyone, we learn, has their own demons, fears, and obstacles to get past.
Mental health services for individuals with intellectual disabilities in Canada: findings from a national survey
- Authors:
- LUNSKY Y, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(5), September 2007, pp.439-447.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aimed to document both the range of mental health services available to individuals with intellectual disabilities across Canada and the perceived service gaps. A 30-item questionnaire was developed that included questions on mental healthcare services for children, adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities. This survey was sent to key informants in the 10 Canadian provinces and three territories. More than half of the respondents reported that generic mental health providers were poorly equipped to meet the needs of individuals with intellectual disabilities and mental health issues. Certain specialized services (inpatient treatment, emergency room expertise) were reported to exist by less than half of the respondents. Waitlists for specialized services were typically four months or longer. Respondents thought that training for staff and professionals was very important. Some specialized services for individuals with intellectual disabilities and mental health issues were reported to exist in Canada but the need for more specialized services and further training was identified. Documentation of these service gaps should lead to further efforts in Canada for the improvement in services and developing policy.
The use of family therapy for people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- BAUM Sandra
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 1(2), June 2007, pp.8-13.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The application of the systemic approach in working with people with learning disabilities, their families and their support systems has grown over the last decade in the UK. The way in which the family, support system and wider contexts interact with each other may affect how the person with learning disabilities presents for help to services, and will also affect engagement, expectations and possible solutions to crises. If the relationship in focus is the person's behaviour in a family setting, family therapy may be useful to explore relational difficulties within the family. This article considers the issues that might benefit from using this model, explains how to included the adult with learning disabilities in the process, and summarises the evidence of its effectiveness.
Modifying the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation measure for use with people who have a learning disability
- Authors:
- MARSHALL Keith, WILLOUGHBY-BOOTH Simon
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35(2), June 2007, pp.107-112.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There are few reliable self-report measures suitable for people with a learning disability in reporting psychological distress. This study examines the modification of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), exploring its reliability, using two different presentation styles. One style included a sequencing task then use of a visual histogram scale to facilitate rating; the other prompted participants to indicate presence or absence of symptoms before using the histogram. The study was conducted on a small sample of people with mental health problems who have a mild learning disability. The modified CORE-OM was found to have an excellent test–retest correlation with the group who completed the sequencing task, then the histogram scale, but the other group produced less favourable results. The preliminary results are encouraging, highlighting the need to conduct a larger study after further modifications of the measure.
Risk factors for psychiatric disturbance in children with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- KOSKENTAUSTA T., IIVANAINEN M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(1), January 2007, pp.43-53.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Children with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher risk for psychiatric disturbance than their peers with normal intelligence, but research data on risk factors are insufficient and partially conflicting. The subjects comprised 75 children with ID aged 6–13 years from an area of Finland. Data were obtained from case files and the following four questionnaires completed by their parents or other carers: Developmental Behaviour Checklist, American Association of Mental Deficiency (AAMD) Adaptive Behavior Scale, a questionnaire on additional disabilities, and a questionnaire on family characteristics and child development. The risk of psychopathology was most significantly increased by moderate ID, limitations in adaptive behaviour, impaired language development, poor socialization, living with one biological parent, and low socio-economic status of the family. The risk of psychopathology in children with ID is increased by factors related to family characteristics and child development. Identifying these factors will help diagnose and possibly prevent psychiatric disorders in these children.
Learning disabilities and educational needs of juvenile offenders
- Authors:
- CHITSABESAN Prathiba, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 2(4), December 2007, pp.4-18.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article is based on a study that was commissioned by the Youth Justice Board for England and Wales. The research was a national cross-sectional survey of 301 young offenders who were resident in custodial settings or attending youth offending teams in the community. The young people were assessed using the WASI and the WORD measures to obtain psychometric information (IQ scores and reading / reading comprehension ages). One in five (20%) young people met the ICD-10 criteria for mental retardation (IQ<70), while problems with reading (52%) and reading comprehension (61%) were common. Verbal IQ scores were found to be significantly lower than performance IQ scores, particularly in male offenders. It is clear from these results that a large proportion of juvenile offenders have a learning disability, as characterised by an IQ<70 and significantly low reading and reading comprehension ages. The underlying aetiology of this association is less clear and may be a consequence of both an increased prevalence of neurocognitive deficits and the impact of poor schooling. There is some evidence that developmental pathways may be different for boys compared with girls.
The experience of detention under the Mental Health Act (1983)
- Authors:
- McNALLY Carolyn, BEAIL Nigel, KELLETT Stephen
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 1(4), December 2007, pp.47-53.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This study explored the experiences of detention under the Mental Health Act (1983) of people with learning disabilities. Seven semi-structured one-to-one interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants had mild learning disabilities and had been detained under the Mental Health Act in England for compulsory assessment and treatment within a two-year period prior to the study. A number of valuable insights emerged, including: the impact of perceived lack of control over self, experiences of vulnerability/powerlessness/victimisation (both prior to and following detention), participant's sense of care versus punishment; the development of 'role' within the mental health system and attribution of blame.
Asperger's syndrome and atypical eating disorder in a man with late diagnosed XYY syndrome
- Authors:
- GRAVESTOCK Shaun, VEKARIA Dinal, HURAULT Elaine
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 1(4), December 2007, pp.44-46.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Reports on the case of a man with Asperger's syndrome and learning disabilities, atypical eating disorder (food faddiness/refusal due to fear of choking) and XYY syndrome. Multi-modal management and inter-agency service provision issues are considered in meeting his complex mental health service and social needs.