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No one knows: offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities: the prevalence and associated needs of offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities
- Author:
- LOUCKS Nancy
- Publisher:
- Prison Reform Trust
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 8p.
- Place of publication:
- London
No One Knows is a UK-wide programme led by the Prison Reform Trust that aims to effect change by exploring and publicising the experiences of people with learning difficulties and learning disabilities who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The programme runs until October 2008, it is supported by The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund and is chaired by the Rt Hon the Baroness Joyce Quin, former Prisons Minster for England and Wales. This briefing paper outlines a larger review of prevalence and associated needs compiled to provide background information for No One Knows.
Psychosocial intervention for people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- DAGNAN Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 1(2), June 2007, pp.3-7.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Psychosocial interventions are a core part of the service structures of mainstream mental health services. Research and clinical services for people with learning disabilities have often adopted a broadly psychosocial perspective. This article describes the structure of psychosocial intervention and then considers the evidence base that is available to develop this approach for people with learning disabilities and mental health problems.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for people with learning disabilities: focus on anger
- Author:
- WILNER Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 1(2), June 2007, pp.14-21.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is being used increasingly with people with learning disabilities. The evidence base to support these developments comes from uncontrolled trials of CBT in a variety of psychological disorders and eight to nine controlled trials of CBT for anger (plus a single controlled study for depression). This article reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of group-based anger management and the acquisition of anger coping skills, and the effectiveness of individual anger treatment, with some discussion of the status of CBT for other indications and the difficulties of conducting outcome research in this area.
An evaluation of research and training resources for the sex education of people with moderate to severe learning disabilities
- Authors:
- GRIEVEO Alan, McLAREN Shona, LINDSAY William R.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35(1), March 2007, pp.30-37.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
To review the literature on issues surrounding the sexuality of people with moderate to severe learning disability (SLD), and evaluate available assessment and training methods. This research arose from an increasing number of referrals for clinical intervention in the training and education of appropriate social and sexual behaviour in people with moderate to SLD. What became apparent was the lack of suitable materials and assessments, which is significant as a large number of persons with SLD have problems with language, and so require tools and programmes which have enhanced levels of pictorial support. An extensive review of the literature revealed that the research on sexuality in SLD was limited. Furthermore, where research had been conducted, poor methodology or validation issues were common, and materials appeared overly complicated for clients with moderate to SLD. Further research into the development and validation of assessment tools and training programmes which increase appropriate sexual behaviours is urgently required.
Working on person-centred planning: from amber to green light?
- Authors:
- DOWLING Sandra, MANTHORPE Jill, COWLEY Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11(1), March 2007, pp.65-82.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article reviews the practice and policy based literature on person-centred planning in learning disability services in England. Its aim is to identify the implications for the workforce in practice. The analysis found that implementation is often described as partial or slow and characterizes reasons for this at a number of levels, including the slow pace of change in service culture and power relations, immutable funding structures, services’ inflexible infrastructures, high levels of staff turnover and lack of training, inexperience among service management, inadequate staff supervision, and ambiguity among some stakeholders. Little substantial critique exists of the model itself. Analysis of the literature further reveals that the implementation of person-centred planning in practice is assisted by policy encouragement, service development and investment, favourable case reports and personal accounts, practitioner enthusiasm and positive evaluations. This article explores these to consider what facilitates the adoption of new elements of practice.
Restraint and self-injury in people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- JONES Edwin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11(1), March 2007, pp.105-118.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Most of the recent debate concerning the ethics of physical interventions has focused on the management of aggressive and destructive behaviours, neglecting the management of self-injurious behaviour. This is an important omission, given the extremely serious consequences that can arise from this form of challenging behaviour. The present article reviews types of restraint used to manage self-injury, prevalence of use, and main and side effects of restraint use. It describes some good practice standards and highlights the need for further research and debate in this complex area.
Mental health assessment and intervention for people with complex communication needs associated with developmental disabilities
- Authors:
- Di MARCO Mark, IACONO Teresa
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 4(1), March 2007, pp.40-59.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper addresses the issues of assessment and psychological interventions of mental health in people with complex communication needs of people with intellectual disability and/or cerebral palsy. The literature indicates that research data have been lacking in this area, with a dearth of appropriate assessment tools and information on how to adapt evidence-based psychological interventions for this group. Existing psychological intervention research has been characterized by case studies and quasi-experimental designs with adults with mild intellectual disability who possess relatively good communication skills. In addition, there have been a few experimental studies with a focus on anger management with this group. In light of the lack of an empiric base, clinical practice for people with complex communication needs must draw on the evidence base for the general population, and adaptations of key elements of psychological therapies. Given the paucity of research addressing the mental health issues of people with complex communication needs, there is a need for the development of mental health assessment tools that enable clinicians to directly obtain information from the individual and for building the evidence base for counselling people with complex communication needs.