Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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A broad spectrum
- Author:
- HOPKINS Graham
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 13.2.03, 2003, p.42.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Looks at how the Barnardo's Spectrum Project decided to seek change when the found that a young person with learning difficulties was poorly supported through a child protection interview.
Achieving best evidence
- Author:
- MARLOW Kerry
- Journal article citation:
- Llais, 68, Spring 2003, pp.3-5.
- Publisher:
- Learning Disability Wales
Many people with a learning disability have been the victim of crime. Often the perpetrators of these crimes are not prosecuted because of the perceived inability of the victims to give evidence in a court of law. The author, a detective inspector, describes how South Wales Police, social services, health and the voluntary sector approached these issues.
Using discourse analysis to study the experiences of women with learning disabilities
- Author:
- SCIOR Katrina
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 18(6), October 2003, pp.779-795.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
There has been a steady rise in interest in qualitative research methods in the area of learning disability over recent years. Discourse analysis has found relatively little use though, particularly in studying the experiences of people with learning disabilities directly, rather than the accounts of non-disabled informants. The present study used a discourse analytic approach in examining the accounts of women with learning disabilities, in order to arrive at an understanding how they position themselves in relation to gender and disability. The results indicate that, while the learning disability literature and services are largely 'gender blind', for women with learning disabilities gender and disability cannot be separated. Instead, they may be faced with marked contradictions and dilemmas when they position themselves within dominant discourses of gender, while also subject to powerful discourses of disability.
The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in people using a community learning disabilities service
- Authors:
- HARE Dougal Julian, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities, 7(3), September 2003, pp.267-281.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in people using a large urban learning disabilities service was examined using a questionnaire-based method. Both statutory and independent service providers were surveyed and a total of 174 people with either a confirmed or a suspected autistic spectrum disorder were identified. Current and historical factors are discussed which suggest that the resulting estimation that 10 percent of service users have an autistic spectrum disorder represents the lowest estimate of prevalence in this population. The implications for service provision and development are discussed.
Validation of the modified telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS-m) in Hebrew
- Authors:
- BEERI Michal Schnaider, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(5), May 2003, pp.381-386.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The validity of the Hebrew version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified (TICS-m) for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), for dementia, and for cognitive impairment (either MCI or dementia) was investigated. Of the 10 059 who took part of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease Cohort, 1902 of the 2901 survivors in 1999 had TICS-m interviews. Those with a score of 27 or below and a random sample with a score of 28 or 29 were invited to have a physician's examination for the diagnosis of dementia. The analysis was performed on the 576 who agreed. Based on physician's diagnosis, 269 were diagnosed as suffering from dementia, 128 as suffering from MCI, and 179 were diagnosed with no cognitive impairment. The TICS-m Hebrew version's internal consistency was very high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.98) and showed a strong convergent validity with the MMSE (r = 0.82; p < 0.0005). The sensitivity was 100% for each of the conditions. Finally, after controlling for age, education and hearing impairment, TICS-m was a strong predictor of dementia, MCI and cognitive impairment. At a cut-off of 27/50 the Hebrew version of the TICS-m is a useful screening instrument to identify subjects suffering from mild cognitive impairment, dementia and cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia).
Assessing the severity of challenging behaviour: psychometric properties of the challenging behaviour interview
- Authors:
- OLIVER Chris, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16(1), March 2003, pp.53-61.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The Challenging Behaviour Interview (CBI) was developed as an assessment of the severity of challenging behaviour. The CBI is divided into two parts. Part I of the interview identifies the occurrence of five clearly operationalized forms of challenging behaviour that have occurred in the last month. Part II of the interview assesses the severity of the behaviours identified on 14 scales measuring the frequency and duration of episodes, effects on the individual and others and the management strategies used by carers. In this article the authors report upon its psychometric properties and discuss potential clinical and research uses of the new scale.
Using individualised communication for interviewing people with intellectual disability: a case study of user-centred research
- Authors:
- CAMBRIDGE Paul, FORRESTER-JONES Rachel
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 28(1), March 2003, pp.5-23.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The importance of participative research methodologies is now widely acknowledged. A case study using individualised communication for interviewing people with intellectual disability in outcome and quality of life research is reported. The methodology and processes employed are described and lessons for the wider application of the model identified. In collaboration with Somerset Total Communication and local speech and language therapists, researchers from the Tizard Centre developed a flexible communication strategy for involving service users, drawing on core, local and individual vocabularies and using signs, graphic symbols and photographs to supplement spoken English. Individualised communication was used both to ascertain informed consent to participation in the research and to conduct the user interview. The initiative was part of a wider study looking at the outcomes and costs of community care 12 years on from de-institutionalisation. The approach was found to facilitate user participation compared with previous follow-ups, with wider lessons evident for user involvement.
Different attitudes when handling aggressive behaviour in dementia: narratives from two caregiver groups
- Authors:
- SKOVDAHL K., KIHLGREN A. I., KIHLGREN M.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 7(4), July 2003, pp.277-286.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study highlights the experiences of 15 formal caregivers, during interactions with elderly residents suffering from dementia disease and showing aggressive behaviour. The purpose was to study caregivers’ reflections about and attitudes to behavioural and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and how they dealt with the symptoms. This was done by comparing care units with high or low levels of aggressive behaviour in residents. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was used for the analysis of the interviews. The main themes that emerged were: a need for balance between demands and competence; and a need for support. The findings indicated the importance of a balance for the residents as well as for the caregivers, if a positive relationship was to develop. Furthermore, caregivers stated that support was crucial, not only for the residents but also for themselves, if they were expected to cope with demanding situations. Different types of support were necessary and included: confirmation, feedback, and supervision. Residents who feel appreciated and respected may be less likely to act out their frustrations in an inappropriate manner. Caregivers who strive to understand the meaning behind a resident’s behaviour and who master the necessary care-giving skills, and their implementation, could be more successful at curbing distressing behaviour, than caregivers who act merely in a custodial role.
The development of the nutrition and activity knowledge scale for use with people with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- ILLINGWORTH Kaye, MOORE Kathleen A., McGILLIVARY Jane
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16(2), June 2003, pp.159-166.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Obesity is an increasing health problem for many Australians, no less so among people with an intellectual disability. Behaviour change aimed at improving nutritional intake and increasing levels of physical activity is a requirement for the reduction of obesity. An essential part of this process is to first ascertain the level of knowledge and beliefs people with an intellectual disability have about these behaviours. The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a scale to assess levels of nutritional and physical activity knowledge among people with an intellectual disability. Seventy-three people with an intellectual disability completed the interview-rated scale at time 1 and 66 of them completed it again at a 3-week re-test. The scale demonstrated strong factorial construct validity, high internal consistency and good temporal stability. The applications of this scale in future research and in intervention programmes are discussed.