Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Trauma-informed care in the context of intellectual and developmental disability services: perceptions of service providers
- Authors:
- RICH Amanda J., DiGREGORIO Nikki, STRASSLE Carla
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 25(4), 2021, pp.603-618.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Traumatic life events have pervasive impacts on health and well-being. A growing body of literature shows that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are disproportionately impacted by trauma. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a philosophy of service provision that is committed to preventing traumatization and re-traumatization and promoting healing. This study explores the perceptions of 130 leaders in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities services on the adoption and practice of TIC through the analysis of quantitative data. Results indicated a disconnect between the level of TIC integration and perceptions detailing how well organizations are currently performing in aspects of TIC. Barriers to TIC included high staff turnover, lack of accessible mental health providers, lack of affordable training, stigma, and restrictive funding structures. Implications and recommendations for service organizations and educators are provided. (Edited publisher abstract)
Factors that potentially influence successful weight loss for adults with intellectual disabilities: a qualitative comparison
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 25(4), 2021, pp.458-475.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: People with intellectual disabilities are more at risk of obesity than the general population. Emerging literature indicates that multicomponent interventions are most effective, however, individual results are variable and little research exists as to why this is the case. Methods: Focus groups were conducted to explore lived experiences between two groups of adults with intellectual disabilities; an overweight group (n = 6) and a group identified as successful in losing weight (n = 6). Similarities and differences were explored across four domains. Transcripts were produced and analysed using Theoretical Thematic Analysis. Results: Similarities included service centre supports, basic food knowledge and issues restricting independence. The successful weight loss group had also internalised health messages, engaged with external reinforcement programmes, responded to positive feedback and demonstrated healthier dietary habits. Conclusion: Weight management interventions would benefit from understanding the influence that internalisation of health messages, effective reinforcement systems and positive feedback can have on supporting the adoption of healthier habits. (Edited publisher abstract)
The experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities attending a mindfulness‐based group intervention
- Authors:
- CROOM Sarah, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(2), 2021, pp.162-178.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: A growing body of research supports the efficacy of mindfulness-based intervention programmes (MBPs) for people with intellectual disabilities. Existing literature calls for focus on the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities participating in MBPs. Materials and Methods: This study explored the experiences of nine adults with intellectual disabilities attending an eight-week group MBP delivered within the community. Two audio-recorded group discussions and seven semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed. Results: Themes were as follows: participants’ experience of the group as a meaningful and enjoyable activity; opportunities for socialisation, sharing, friendship and support; the significance of participant–facilitator relationships; and how participants understood and experienced the mindfulness exercises and concepts. Conclusions: Some understanding of mindfulness was evident, and participants demonstrated an ability to engage in mindfulness exercises. Findings inform the development of effective MBPs for people with intellectual disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
Use of dementia care mapping in the care for older people with intellectual disabilities: a mixed‐method study
- Authors:
- SCHAAP Feija D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(1), 2021, pp.149-163.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The ageing of people with intellectual disabilities, with associated morbidity like dementia, calls for new types of care. Person‐centred methods may support care staff in providing this, an example being Dementia Care Mapping (DCM). DCM has been shown to be feasible in ID‐care. We examined the experiences of ID‐professionals in using DCM. Methods: We performed a mixed‐methods study, using quantitative data from care staff (N = 136) and qualitative data (focus‐groups, individual interviews) from care staff, group home managers and DCM‐in‐intellectual disabilities mappers (N = 53). Results: DCM provided new insights into the behaviours of clients, enabled professional reflection and gave new knowledge and skills regarding dementia and person‐centred care. Appreciation of DCM further increased after the second cycle of application. Conclusion: DCM is perceived as valuable in ID‐care. Further assessment is needed of its effectiveness in ID‐care with respect to quality of care, staff‐client interactions and job performance. (Edited publisher abstract)
Developing a logic model for the Triple‐C intervention: a practice‐derived intervention to support people with intellectual disability and challenging behavior
- Authors:
- TOURNIER Tess, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(4), 2020, pp.297-307.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Partly due to a lack of evidence‐based methods to support people with intellectual disability (ID) and challenging behavior, their needs are often poorly met. One way to generate rapid evidence is to systematically describe and monitor interventions that are considered to be “good practice”—to develop evidence based on practical knowledge. This study describes the Dutch practice‐based intervention Triple‐C (Client, Coach, Competence). The intervention was developed in practice to support people with severe ID to borderline functioning and challenging behavior. The practice‐based nature of Triple‐C means that many of the professionals' actions or activities are often underpinned by their implicit knowledge about the intervention they are delivering. Consequently, as the emphasis is on practice, the professionals can find it difficult to articulate how the intervention is operationalized and positive change achieved. This study aimed to assess the practical knowledge of Triple‐C professionals and to develop an understanding of the mechanisms of change for Triple‐C to improve understanding and to inform future research about the intervention. Through an iterative process, a logic model was developed to describe the intervention and its underlying assumptions. The development of the logic model was shaped using interviews with the founders, focus groups with support staff, psychologists, managers and members of the board of a service provider, and the analysis of published accounts of the Triple‐C intervention. Data gathered from these sources were analyzed using content analysis. The logic model of the Triple‐C intervention provides insight into the key elements of the approach, such as the need for unconditional supportive relationship and carrying out meaningful activities. Moreover, the potential relationship with existing evidence‐based interventions such as Positive Behavioral Support and Active Support are described. Defining the underlying logic of a practice‐based intervention like Triple‐C is an important first step toward producing an evidence base for interventions developed from clinical practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
What works in community health education for adults with learning disabilities: a scoping review of the literature
- Authors:
- OWENS Rebecca, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(6), 2020, pp.1268-1283.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Research suggests there is insufficient good quality information regarding the effectiveness of health education aimed at adults with intellectual disabilities. By analysing the literature, this review aimed to identify what constituted effectiveness in this context. Method: Relevant evaluations were extracted from bibliographic databases according to pre‐specified criteria. Papers were analysed using QSR NVivo 11 by developing a narrative synthesis and analytic framework that identified and explored text addressing the research question. Results: Twenty‐two studies were included. The review identified two broad components of effective health education: mechanisms and context. Mechanisms included embedded programme flexibility, appropriate and accessible resources, and motivational delivery. An effective context included an accessible and supportive environment and longer term opportunities for reinforcement of learning. Conclusions: Important gaps in the literature highlighted a need for further research addressing community learning experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities as well as the effectiveness of infection prevention programmes. (Edited publisher abstract)
The relationship between cognitive variables and offending behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
- Authors:
- HAMMOND Sarah, BEAIL Nigel
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(4), 2020, pp.779-792.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Interventions for offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID) have used cognitive variables as measures of treatment outcome. However, the relevance of cognitive variables to offending in people with intellectual disabilities is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities. Method: A systematic search identified studies comparing offenders and non‐offenders with intellectual disabilities on an aspect of cognition. Seven cognitive variables were found and compared across 15 studies. These were appraised for their quality using an adapted quality appraisal checklist. The reliability and validity of cognitive measures were also considered. Results and conclusions: Other than for cognitive distortions, the evidence for a relationship between cognitive variables and offending in people with intellectual disabilities is currently limited due to methodological weaknesses and the small number of studies assessing each variable. Clinicians are advised to focus on cognitive distortions until better evidence is available. (Edited publisher abstract)
Positive group psychotherapy modified for adults with intellectual disabilities
- Author:
- TOMASULO Daniel J
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(4), 2014, pp.337-350.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Mental health problems are more prevalent among people with intellectual disabilities than in the general population. There is mounting evidence to show that adults with a dual diagnosis can find help through group therapy and have more productive and meaningful lives with improved relationships. This article focuses on a review of evidence for interactive behavioural therapy, a widely used model of group psychotherapy for people with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems, and reviews the modifications drawn from the field of positive psychology and positive psychotherapy being incorporated into the model. A sample of a modified positive intervention, the virtual gratitude visit, is explained and suggestions for future research are given. (Edited publisher abstract)
The efficacy of positive behavioural support with the most challenging behaviour: the evidence and its implications
- Authors:
- LAVIGNA Gary W., WILLIS Thomas J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37(3), September 2012, pp.185-195.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Positive behaviour support (PBS) is behaviour analysis applied in support of people with challenging behaviour. However, questions have been raised as to PBS effectiveness, costs, and accessibility. This review examined the efficacy of 12 outcome studies encompassing 423 cases. Findings indicated that PBS was effective with both severe and high-rate behaviour problems, was cost-effective, used a methodology that was easily trained and widely disseminated, and worked in institutional settings in which the most difficult problems are thought to be, as well as in the community. The major implication of this review is that practitioners may be obligated to use PBS when faced with the need to develop a plan of support given the ethical principle of using the least restrictive method consistent with the right to effective treatment. Implications for practice are discussed.
Respite and parental relinquishment of care: a comprehensive review of the available literature
- Authors:
- NANKERVIS Karen L., ROSEWARNE Andrea C., VASSOS Maria V.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 8(3), September 2011, pp.150-162.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Families often have to relinquish care of a family member with a disability. The disabled person is often placed in respite care until suitable permanent accommodation is organised or they are able to return home. This literature review examined the issues associated with the need for urgent respite and how this need may link to relinquishment of care. Findings indicated that many families and carers feel that their respite needs are not being met and that certain individual and family characteristics are associated with need for urgent respite (such as severe disability, poor support, and carer distress). Relinquishment involving other client groups' suggests increased requests for respite being an early warning sign for relinquishment. It also notes that challenging behaviours, poor coping and lack of support, dire financial concerns, and carer distress are factors that often lead to relinquishment. Interventions such as active support and cognitive behavioural therapy can support families who are considering relinquishment or have relinquished care. Empirically based information regarding relinquishment of care involving people with intellectual disabilities is limited. The authors urge further research into this issue to aid the identification of strategies to more effectively support families.