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The nature of quality of life: a conceptual model to inform assessment
- Author:
- ALBORZ Alison
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 14(1), 2017, pp.15-30.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The phenomenon of quality of life (QoL) has been subject to ongoing debate and many models have been proposed. Over the latter half of the 20th century, QoL models have proliferated, particularly in relation to the population with intellectual disabilities (ID) which have arguably improved living conditions and helped to guard against abuse. While this is a complex phenomenon, there is agreement across a wide literature that QoL has two distinct aspects relating to the individual (whether disabled or not) and the resources necessary for a “good” QoL. Considerable support is also provided for a number of diverse but robust domains. However, how the “nature” of QoL is conceptualized is unclear. The article reviews multidisciplinary research on QoL and goes on to present a theoretical model of the nature of QoL that encompasses identified domains. The model is based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1987) which defines its scope; Sen's Capability Approach (1985), which elaborates the resource context impacting QoL; and Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory (2000), which describes person-context interactions important to personally valued QoL. This conceptualization was framed within four facets—Foundational well-being; Psychosocial well-being; Status; and Autonomy—each of which have two aspects: “individual,” describing personal needs that, when fulfilled, are associated with better QoL, and “context,” describing resources necessary to enable individual need fulfilment. The proposed QoL model demonstrates an intellectually lucid structure supported by literature. It does not attempt a definitive specification of all QoL constituents but proposes that delineation must be determined within the particular circumstances of a proposed assessment. Once determined, an exploratory approach to assessment is proposed. It is suggested this model represents a useful “atlas” on the nature of QoL to guide development of assessments aiming to inform service developments or interventions. (Publisher abstract)
A proactive approach to preventing abuse
- Authors:
- GOLDING Laura, CLEAR David
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 25.10.01, 2001, pp.32-33.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Adults with learning disabilities are vulnerable to abuse from care staff to prevent abuse. Explains why nurses must be aware when the boundaries between themselves and their clients become blurred.
Citizenship: a guide for providers of support
- Authors:
- SLY Sam, TINDALL Bob
- Publisher:
- Centre for Welfare Reform
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 48
- Place of publication:
- Sheffield
This guide outlines the 7 keys to citizenship and explains how they can be used by service providers to improve the lives of people with disabilities and their families and can also build quality into services. It believes that these 7 keys can help people to take action on three levels: personal change; local change in communities; and political change. Sections look at each of the seven principles in turn, and outline how they can provide a framework for improving the lives of people with disabilities. The 7 keys to citizenship are: purpose – having goals, hopes and dreams and a structure for life and a plan to achieve this; freedom – having control and the ability to be heard; money – having enough money to live a good life and control over how that money is spent; home – having a place that belongs to us; help – having good help that enhances our gifts, talents and skills; life – making an active contribution to our communities; Love – having loving relationships. (Edited publisher abstract)
The influence of interpersonal competence on personal vulnerability of persons with mental retardation
- Author:
- NETTLEBECK Ted
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15(1), January 2000, pp.46-62.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Four factors in Sparks's model of victim proneness were tested among persons with learning difficulties who were victims of a personal offence and nonvictims with learning difficulties in the USA. Factors were operationalised in terms of measures of anger, antisocial tendencies, eccentricities and odd mannerisms, interpersonal competence, recreational outings, and communication skills. Participants also responded to hypothetical scenarios depicting everyday situations commonly encountered. Results showed that victims were significantly more likely than nonvictims to report a hostile outlook and that they would display overt anger and aggression in a wide range of situations. Victims' responses to hypothetical scenarios were more likely to be confrontative or abusive to an initial approach by the perpetrator, whereas nonvictims were more likely to withdraw quietly.
Learning to partner, disabling conflict: early indications of an improving relationship between parents and professionals with regard to service provision for children with learning disabilities
- Author:
- CASE Stephen
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 16(6), October 2001, pp.837-854.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
A questionnaire was constructed to analyse whether the high degree of parental dissatisfaction with disability professionals found in previous studies is indicative of the modern parent-professional relationship with regards to service provision for learning disabled children. The subsequent data suggests that professionals are beginning to address the need for clear and appropriate information and intervention, an acknowledgement of parental needs and expertise, and the effective role of parental involvement, whilst parents function within the role of service 'consumers'. Consequently, previous levels of dissatisfaction are slowly being undermined, although professional service remains reactive, particularly in terms of counselling and advice, despite the need and desire for more pro-active provision.