Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Supporting primary healthcare professionals to care for people with intellectual disability: a research agenda
- Authors:
- LENNOX Nicholas, van DRIEL Mieke L., van DOOREN Kate
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(1), 2015, pp.33-42.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: People with intellectual disability experience health inequalities. Over two decades after the only review of supports for primary healthcare providers was published, this paper contributes to an evolving research agenda that aims to make meaningful gains in health-related outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: The authors update a previous review existing review by searching the international literature for developments and evaluations of multinational models of care. Results: Based on the review, three strategies are presented to support primary healthcare providers: (i) effectively using what we know, (ii) considering other strategies that offer support to primary healthcare professionals and (iii) researching primary health care at the system level. Conclusions: Strengthening primary care by supporting equitable provision of health-related care for people with intellectual disability is a much needed step towards improving health outcomes among people with intellectual disability. More descriptive quantitative and qualitative research, as well as intervention-based research underpinned by rigorous mixed-methods evaluating these strategies at the primary care level, which is sensitive to the needs of people with intellectual disability will assist primary care providers to provide better care and achieve better health outcomes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health disparities of adults with intellectual disabilities: what do we know? What do we do?
- Authors:
- KRAHN Gloria L., FOX Michael H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(5), 2014, pp.431-446.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Building on historical context, the paper summarises what is known about health disparities from reports and research and provides direction on what to do to reduce these disparities among adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: The present authors examined literature from 2002 to 2011 on health disparities and people with disabilities looking for broad themes on documenting disparities and on research approaches and methods. Results: Multiple countries published reports on health of people with intellectual disabilities. Researchers summarized existing research within a health disparities framework. A number of promising methodologies are identified such as health services research, health indicators, enhanced surveillance and mixed-methods. Conclusions: Strategies to reduce health disparities include use of data to educate decision makers, attention to social determinants and a life-course model and emphasis on leveraging inclusion in mainstream services where possible. (Edited publisher abstract)
Ensuring equity for people living with disabilities in the age of COVID-19
- Authors:
- JUMREORNVONG Oranicha, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, early cite 24 August 2020,
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
People with disabilities are at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. They may also suffer from lack of accessible emergency preparedness plans, communication and healthcare. Protective measures for people with disabilities should be endorsed and prioritized at a community level to adjust for social distancing. Repositories of local resources for emergency outreach in this time are also crucial. Telemedicine offers an innovative and safe way for health providers to care for people with disabilities to access many critical services without placing themselves or their caregivers at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. Communication strategies for critical information about resources for people with disabilities should be accessible. United States hospitals and government agencies should make allocation guideline proposals accessible to people with disabilities and incorporate bias training. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK: 2010
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, BAINES Susannah
- Publisher:
- Improving Health and Lives: Learning Disabilities Observatory
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 20p.
- Place of publication:
- Stockton-on-Tees
Designed to assist primary, acute and specialist NHS trusts in fulfilling their responsibilities for meeting the health needs of people with learning disabilities, this report summarises recent evidence from the UK on the health status of people with learning disabilities. It notes that people with learning disabilities have poorer health than their non-disabled peers and that the health inequalities they face start early in life, and draws attention to aspects of health where people with learning disabilities fare particularly poorly. It looks at inequalities in health status, summarising the available UK research literature on the health status and needs of children and adults with learning disabilities since 2002. It also discusses determinants of health inequalities faced by people with learning disabilities, covering increased risk of exposure to social determinants of health, increased risk associated with specific genetic and biological causes of learning disabilities, communication difficulties and reduced health literacy, personal health risks and behaviours, and deficiencies in access to and quality of health care provision. The authors conclude by suggesting actions which can be taken to respond to the health inequalities identified.
Oral health status and reported oral health problems in people with intellectual disability: a literature review
- Authors:
- WILSON Nathan J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 44(3), 2019, pp.292-304.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) experience poor oral health and are at greater risk of dental decay and periodontal diseases. This impacts on their general health and wellbeing. This review summarises the research literature about oral health status and contributing factors to poor oral health. Method: This study conducted a literature review using “intellectual disability” and “oral health” as our two core areas of focus. Results: People with ID had poorer oral health, greater numbers of tooth extractions, more caries, fewer fillings, greater gingival inflammation, greater rates of endentulism, and had less preventative dentistry and poorer access to services when compared to the general population. Anxiety during dental procedures was a key issue for females with ID. Conclusions: Further research is needed to identify, pilot and test appropriate and effective interventions that can reduce this preventable health disparity. The design of an ID-specific dental anxiety scale is another priority. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK: 2011
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, et al
- Publisher:
- Improving Health and Lives: Learning Disabilities Observatory
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 32p.
- Place of publication:
- Stockton-on-Tees
People with learning disabilities face serious health inequalities, partly arising from difficulties they encounter in using health services. Health services have a duty to make the adjustments necessary to give them equal access. This report summarises the most recent evidence from the UK on the health status of people with learning disabilities and the determinants of the health inequalities they face. In 2002 a comprehensive review was undertaken of the UK research literature on the health needs of people with learning disabilities and the response of health services to people with learning disabilities. This has now been updated to 2011. The report focuses on information relating to the health needs of people with learning disabilities in the UK. It draws attention to studies from other countries where the results are particularly relevant. For this 2011 edition a further section focused on recent evidence of health inequalities and determinants relevant to children with learning disabilities is presented, including new analyses of data extracted from the Millennium Cohort Study and the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England.
Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, BAINES Susannah
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 16(1), January 2011, pp.42-48.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This report, designed to assist primary, acute and specialist NHS trusts in fulfilling their responsibilities for meeting the health needs of people with learning disabilities, summarises recent evidence from the UK on the health status of people with learning disabilities. It notes that people with learning disabilities have poorer health than their non-disabled peers and that the health inequalities they face start early in life, and draws attention to aspects of health where people with learning disabilities fare particularly poorly. It looks at inequalities in health status, summarising the available UK research literature on the health status and needs of children and adults with learning disabilities since 2002. It also discusses determinants of health inequalities faced by people with learning disabilities, covering increased risk of exposure to social determinants of health, increased risk associated with specific genetic and biological causes of learning disabilities, communication difficulties and reduced health literacy, personal health risks and behaviours, and deficiencies in access to and quality of health care provision. The authors conclude by suggesting actions which can be taken to respond to the health inequalities identified.
Legal, ethical, and rights issues in the adoption and use of the “My Health Record” by people with communication disability in Australia
- Authors:
- HEMSLEY Bronwyn, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 43(4), 2018, pp.506-514.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: The aim of this review was to explore the legal, ethical, and rights issues surrounding use of the Australian My Health Record (MyHR) by people with communication disability. Method: The authors undertook a narrative review of the legislation and research affecting the implementation of MyHR in populations with communication disability. Results: Use of MyHR by people with communication disability will require careful consideration in relation to (a) capacity and consent; (b) roles of nominated or authorised representatives in the system; and (c) the way decisions are made in relation to the use of MyHR, including supported decision-making for people with intellectual disability. Conclusion: Legal and ethical issues in the use of MyHR by people with communication disability centre on legal rights and equal access. These issues must be addressed if people with communication disability are to have full access to their legal rights and access in exercising personal choice and control in the use of MyHR. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health inequalities experienced by children and young people with intellectual disabilities: a review of literature from the United Kingdom
- Authors:
- ALLERTON Lindsay A., WELSH Vicki, EMERSON Eric
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 15(4), December 2011, pp.269-278.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Evidence has highlighted that not only do people with intellectual disabilities have poorer health, but that the differences in health status are to a significant extent avoidable and consequently unjust. The aim of this literature review is to synthesise evidence on the prevalence and determinants of health conditions and impairments among children and young people with intellectual disability in the United Kingdom. Several databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published in 2010-2011. In addition, evidence from a 2002 and a 2010 literature review on health inequalities among individuals of all ages with intellectual disability was also reviewed. The review concludes that children with intellectual disability in the UK are likely to experience health inequalities in a number of areas, specifically in relation to health conditions that may increase the risk of serious ill health in later life, reduce quality of life, and act as barriers to social inclusion. The evidence suggests that these health inequalities are associated with several preventable environmental determinants.
An overview of systematic reviews to determine the impact of socio-environmental factors on health outcomes of people with disabilities
- Authors:
- MITCHELL Rebecca J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, early cite November 2021,
- Publisher:
- Wiley
People with disabilities are often subject to intersecting layers of social and economic disadvantage and other barriers that drive health inequity. As a result, they frequently experience worse health than people without disabilities, beyond the direct effects of their health condition or impairment. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to summarise the evidence on the impact of socio-environmental factors (i.e. social, physical or attitudinal) on the health outcomes of disabled people. A systematic search of five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus) for English-language articles from January 2000 to April 2021 was conducted. Abstracts were screened by two reviewers and reviews were critically appraised. Key data were extracted by topic, population, disability type, critical appraisal method, socio-environmental themes and health outcomes. There were 23 systematic reviews identified examining adult (60.9%) or child and young (8.7%) disabled people, with 30.4% not specifying an age range. Reviews examined people with neurological or physical (39.1%), intellectual (17.4%), sensory (8.7%) or a range of (34.8%) disabilities. Three key health outcomes (i.e. access to healthcare, health-promoting behaviour and care quality) and several recurring socio-environmental themes related to the health outcomes of disabled people were identified. Disabled people encounter common social, physical and attitudinal factors that hinder their health outcomes in terms of access to services and quality healthcare. Many preventive health services were identified as either inaccessible or not meeting the needs of disabled people. Greater involvement of disabled people in service design and awareness raising is essential. (Edited publisher abstract)