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Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder
- Authors:
- HIRVIKOSKI Tatja, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 2016, pp.232-238.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Mortality has been suggested to be increased in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aims: To examine both all-cause and cause-specific mortality in ASD, as well as investigate moderating role of gender and intellectual ability. Method: Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for a population-based cohort of ASD probands (n = 27 122, diagnosed between 1987 and 2009) compared with gender-, age- and county of residence-matched controls (n = 2 672 185). Results: During the observed period, 24 358 (0.91%) individuals in the general population died, whereas the corresponding figure for individuals with ASD was 706 (2.60%; OR = 2.56; 95% CI 2.38–2.76). Cause-specific analyses showed elevated mortality in ASD for almost all analysed diagnostic categories. Mortality and patterns for cause-specific mortality were partly moderated by gender and general intellectual ability. Conclusions: Premature mortality was markedly increased in ASD owing to a multitude of medical conditions. (Publisher abstract)
‘More time for what?’ Exploring intersecting notions of gender, work, age and leisure time among people with cognitive disabilities
- Authors:
- LOVGREN Veronica, ROSQVIST Hanna Berilsdotter
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 24(3), 2015, pp.263-272.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article explores intersecting notions of leisure among middle-aged people with intellectual disabilities in the setting of the Swedish welfare state. The participants are recipients of long-term disability services and have experienced the changing ideological frameworks of the welfare effort, which has recently focused on normalisation, inclusion and participation. Structured activities are arranged by disability services in order to normalise living conditions and provide recreation for disabled people. However, the range of activities is constrained by financial resources, by notions of gender and age and by an institutionalised emphasis on the work ethic – leading to constructions of leisure partly as ‘time beside’ where ‘free time’ activities should not interfere with the duties of the working week. The participants' limited resources and their lack of a strong voice limit their ability to demand their legal rights and leave many of them with ‘too much time with too little to do’. (Publisher abstract)