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Diagnostic manual - intellectual disability (DM-ID): a textbook of diagnosis of mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- FLETCHER Robert, et al, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- NADD Press
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 552p.
- Place of publication:
- Kingston, NY
This diagnostic manual was developed by the National Association for the Dually Diagnosed (NADD), in association with the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It aims to facilitate a more accurate psychiatric diagnosis of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Content includes a description of each psychiatric disorder, a summary of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, a review of the research and an evaluation of the strength of evidence supporting the literature conclusions.
Diagnosing psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities: issues and achievements
- Authors:
- BERTELLI Marco O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.230-242.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Diagnosing psychiatric disorders (PD) in adults with Intellectual Disability (ID) presents several issues and need specific skills and tools. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the current status of art through a systematic mapping of the literature. Design/methodology/approach: The authors reviewed the international literature on the basis of the following questions: what are the issues in the psychiatric diagnostic process for adults with ID? What methods and procedures have been used for psychiatric assessment in ID? To date, is it possible to identify some most effective procedures? Findings: The analysis of the literature indicates that main issues of the psychiatric diagnostic process in adults with ID are the following: identification of psychiatric symptoms, behavioural equivalents, diagnostic criteria, setting, source of information, screening, and diagnostic tools. The evidence base is only emerging and although many relevant achievements have been reached in the last two decades, no definitive guideline has been produced. Most recent acquisition also allowed to identify some assessment procedures that are currently considered the most effective. Individualised assessment remains the best way to meet the needs of this heterogeneous and variable patient group. Originality/value: This paper offers a comprehensive and updated description of current achievements and issues towards the assessment of PD in people with ID. (Publisher abstract)
Living out of the book: the journey from a diagnosis of learning difficulties through periods of mental illness to a career as a professional social worker
- Author:
- HILL Philip
- Publisher:
- Chipmunkapublishing
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 205p.
- Place of publication:
- Brentwood
Overcoming the label of learning disability may be an achievement but also triumphing over the obstacles caused by prejudice at being labelled with schizophrenia is highly unusual. Philip Hill uses his auto-biographical account to describe the ways in which he overcame the rejection of his peer group at school neighbourhood and how he used his experiences of mental illness to help others like himself before going on to train as a social worker. This amazing account of triumph over adversity should be an inspiration to other people who find themselves labelled with severe mental illness. The honest and thought provoking way Philip describes his symptoms should enable the layperson to gain an ‘insiders’ insight on what it like to suffer from the active symptoms of Schizophrenia. This book will hopefully challenge the stereotypes surrounding Schizophrenia.
Hidden meanings
- Author:
- RUSSELL Oliver
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 6.2.97, 1997, pp.18-19.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Discusses the problem of diagnosing depression in people with learning difficulties.
The diagnostic boundary between autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- Authors:
- BERTELLI Marco O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.243-264.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: During the last few years the prevalence of autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased greatly. A recurring issue is the overlap and boundaries between Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), ASD and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). In clinical practice with people with IDD, the alternative or adjunctive diagnosis of ASD or SSD is particularly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to define the boundaries and overlapping clinical characteristics of IDD, ASD and SSD; highlight the most relevant differences in clinical presentation; and provide a clinical framework within which to recognize the impact of IDD and ASD in the diagnosis of SSD. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic mapping of the international literature was conducted on the basis of the following questions: first, what are considered to be core and overlapping aspects of IDD, ASD and SSD; second, what are the main issues in clinical practice; and third, can key diagnostic flags be identified to assist in differentiating between the three diagnostic categories? Findings: Crucial clinical aspects for the differentiation resulted to be age of onset, interest towards others, main positive symptoms, and anatomical anomalies of the central nervous system. More robust diagnostic criteria and semeiological references are desirable. Originality/value: The present literature mapping provides a comprehensive description of the most relevant differences in the clinical presentation of ASD and SSD in persons with IDD. (Publisher abstract)
Assessment and diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder
- Authors:
- UNDERWOOD Lisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.222-229.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with a range of psychiatric disorders. However, making an accurate diagnosis is challenging. It is important to follow a robust and informed process in the assessment of psychopathology that is centred on the individual and their neurodevelopmental difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinicians with an evidence-based approach to the assessment process for adults with ASD presenting with a possible co-occurrent psychiatric disorder. Design/methodology/approach: A review of the recent literature was undertaken focusing on key papers that describe the assessment of mental health problems in adults with ASD. Findings: The presentation of psychiatric symptoms is influenced by the underlying developmental disorder and it is often quite different from the one of the general population. Thus, it is essential to undertake a comprehensive psychopathological assessment including a diagnostic assessment of ASD. There is a very small evidence base on the use of diagnostic tools in the assessment of adults with ASD. Originality/value: This is a practice review paper applying recent evidence from the literature. (Publisher abstract)
Application of DC-LD to an intellectual disability population
- Authors:
- TULLY John, SCHIRLIU Diana, MORAN Maria
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(5), 2012, pp.259-264.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation (DC-LD), introduced in 2003, was designed to improve accuracy of diagnosis in individuals with intellectual disability. An Irish study aimed to investigate its usefulness in a clinical setting. It involved interviews and review of chart notes with a sample of 50 patients within an intellectual disability service. This article describes the study methodology and results, and discusses the findings. It reports that there was considerable discrepancy between the rates of psychiatric diagnoses after application of DC-LD and rates of previously documented diagnoses within the sample, and that use of DC-LD led to the reclassification of many previously documented diagnoses, mainly as behavioural disorders. It concludes that the study adds to the evidence regarding the usefulness of the criteria, and highlights the shortcomings of non-systematic methods of diagnosis.
Intellectual disability and ill health: a review of the evidence
- Editors:
- O'HARA Jean, McCARTHY Jane, BOURAS Nick (eds.)
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 246p.
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
Whether for reasons of difficulties in communication, diagnostic overshadowing, discrimination or indifference, people with intellectual disability often have health needs that go unrecognised and untreated. There is concern that public health measures aimed at reducing the main health killers in the population will not address these issues for people with intellectual disability and therefore widen the inequality that already exists. The editors draw together a systematic review of physical (arranged by body system) and mental health co-morbidities in people with intellectual disability. Both physical and mental disorders are included as well as aetiology and general health issues. The writers aim is to provide an evidence base for shaping public health policy, healthcare commissioning and the development of more effective healthcare systems, as well as supporting better understanding and practice at an individual clinical level.
Mental health assessment of children and adolescents with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- FRIEDLANDER Robin, MOSS Steve
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Mental Health, 8(1), March 2009, pp.37-45.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Understanding the mental health problems of children who have learning disabilities presents huge challenges across many domains. The paper examines some of the assessment frameworks that may be used, offers clinical guidance on collecting information and suggests ways in which various theoretical approaches can be used to derive comprehensive case formulations. The common assessment approaches mentioned are psychiatric, behavioural, ecological and early attachment. A case study is used to discuss the use of the frameworks. An emphasis is placed on the use of structured methods to improve reliability and validity.
Delirium and learning disability: case series and literature review
- Authors:
- van WAARDE Jeroen A., van der MAST Rose C.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32(3), September 2004, pp.123-127.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Although predisposing and facilitating factors for delirium are common in learning disabled patients, little is known about its occurrence. Presents 3 case reports and results of a manual and computer (Medline, Embase Psychiatry) search. Only 2 case reports were found, and added to the 3. Ages were 16, 17, 51, 55 and 78. Delirium was associated with eye surgery, anticholinergic overdose, urinary infection, Alzheimer's disease and pulmonary infection respectively. All had predisposing factors. The literature is scarce, possibly because diagnosis is often missed. Delirium is very distressing and raises morbidity and mortality. However, it is treatable, so more attention should be given to diagnosis and treatment, especially in vulnerable patients. A practice guideline assessment and treatment is given.