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Assessment of dementia in people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- TORR Jennifer
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 3(3), September 2009, pp.3-9.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias are at least as prevalent in older people with learning disabilities as in the general population. In addition, people with Down’s syndrome have high rates of early onset Alzheimer’s disease. Assessment of dementia in people with learning disabilities is made difficult by pre-existing cognitive and functional impairments and high rates of comorbid disorders. This paper discusses the assessment of dementia in people with learning disabilities. The assessment procedure needs to include a comprehensive description of baseline functioning and pattern of decline, rigorous medical work-up and treatment of identified conditions, serial cognitive assessments, and functional and risk assessments to guide care planning.
The psychiatry of elderly people with mental handicaps
- Author:
- COOPER Sally-Ann
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 7(12), December 1992, pp.865-874.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Argues that postmortem studies and attempts to link neuropathological findings with clinical findings, and presumptive diagnoses of Alzheimer's Disease following a decline in skills of the elderly with mental handicaps, have shed little light on the true extent of dementia in the elderly mentally handicapped.
Dementia in older adults with intellectual disabilities: epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis
- Authors:
- STRYDOM Andre, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), June 2010, pp.96-110.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The authors conducted a literature review on the epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis of dementia in older adults with intellectual or learning disabilities (ID) and specific genetic syndromes, such as Downs syndrome (DS) using Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO for original papers in English, German or Dutch, between 1997 and 2008. Articles from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, United States, Netherlands, Ireland; Japan, South Africa, Scandinavia and Italy had varied methodologies and differences in diagnoses resulting in a wide range of prevalence rates of dementia. Rates of dementia in those with ID, not because of DS, were comparable or higher than those in the general population. The onset of Alzheimers disease in DS appears earlier and the prevalence increases from less than 10% in the 40’s, to more than 30% in the 50’s with varying prevalence reported in those over 60 years. Incidence rates increased with age. Presentation differs in the ID population compared with the general population, with those with DS presenting with behavioural changes believed to be due to frontal lobe deficits. Few studies of dementia in other genetic syndromes such as Rett syndrome, an autistic spectrum disorder, and Sanfilippo syndrome were located in the literature, but these are discussed and tabulated along with others found.
Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities
- Authors:
- DEB Shoumitro, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(5), May 2007, pp.440-444.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Many adults with Down's syndrome develop Alzheimer's dementia relatively early in their lives, but accurate clinical diagnosis remains difficult. The aim was to develop a user-friendly observer-rated dementia screening questionnaire with strong psychometric properties for adults with intellectual disabilities. The authors used qualitative methods to gather information from carers of people with Down's syndrome about the symptoms of dementia. This provided the items for the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID), which was then tested for its psychometric properties. The DSQIID was administered to carers of 193 adults with Down's syndrome, 117 of whom were examined by clinicians who confirmed a diagnosis of dementia for 49 according to modified ICD-10 criteria. It was established that a total score of 20 provides maximum sensitivity (0.92) and optimum specificity (0.97) for screening. The DSQIID has sound internal consistency (=0.91) for all its 53 items, and good test-retest and interrater reliability. The authors established a good construct validity by dividing the items into four factors. The DSQIID is a valid, reliable and user-friendly observer-rated questionnaire for screening for dementia among adults with Down's syndrome.
A review of measures used in the screening, assessment and diagnosis of dementia in people with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- MCKENZIE Karen, METCALFE Dale, MURRAY George
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(5), 2018, pp.725-742.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The increasing number of individuals with an intellectual disability who are at risk of developing dementia highlights the need to use measures with strong psychometric properties as part of the screening, assessment and diagnostic process. Method: Searches were made of clinical and good practice guidelines and English language journal articles sourced from Proquest, Web of Science and Scopus databases (up to July 2017) for tools which were designed or adapted for the purpose of helping to diagnose dementia in people with intellectual disability. Results: Based on a detailed review of 81 articles and guidelines, the present authors identified 22 relevant tools (12 cognitive, 10 behaviour). These were reviewed in terms of their psychometric properties. Conclusions: A number of tools were found to be available for use with people with intellectual disability; however, few were specifically standardized for this purpose which also had comprehensive information about reliability and validity. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dementia, aging, and intellectual disabilities: a handbook
- Editors:
- JANICKI Matthew, DALTON Arthur
- Publisher:
- Brunner/Mazel
- Publication year:
- 1998
- Pagination:
- 488p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, PA
Outlines recent research on dementia, Alzheimer Disease, and related disorders as they affect persons with intellectual disabilities. Diagnosis, assessment, treatment, and management and care practices are detailed. The biology and physiology of dementia, as well as the neurological and medical complications associated with it are described. The book also details the best practices available to meet the needs and challenges involved in care and quality of life issues.
Crucial diagnosis
- Author:
- KERR Diana
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 5.2.98, 1998, pp.30-31.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Looks at how people with Down's Syndrome are particularly prone to Alzheimer's disease, yet people with a dual diagnosis can fall through the net when services are not equipped to meet their specific needs.