Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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The Swedish experience
- Author:
- MADDEN P.
- Journal article citation:
- Health Service Journal, 30.6.88, 1988, pp.736-737.
- Publisher:
- Emap Healthcare
Focuses on the role of the state, and general trends such as decentralisation and deinstitutionalisation in Sweden.
Normalization fifty years beyond-current trends in the Nordic countries
- Author:
- TØSSEBRO Jan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), June 2012, pp.134-146.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The notion and principles of normalisation is a main contribution from the Nordic countries to the development of policies and practices in services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of this paper is to explore the practical developments of these services and policies in the countries where the concept emerged and, in particular, the developments that took place after the turn of the 20th century. These years are of special interest because the countries saw important reforms during the 1990s, regarding both deinstitutionalisation and decentralisation. The aim of the paper is to address the developments that took place after the reform energy decreased and political attention had faded. The comparative analysis is based on research reviews in the 5 Nordic countries. The analysis observed a trend toward larger group homes and congregations, inequality across municipalities, marketisation, and new public management, but also an increasing emphasis on consumer rights and the use of the personal assistance scheme in services for people with ID. The article concludes that diverging trends coexist, with improvements going together with significant setbacks. It explores the trends from a political science perspective, noting how they relate to recent shifts in public management and changing drivers of change.
Deinstitutionalisation in Britain, Scandinavia and the USA
- Authors:
- MANSELL Jim, ERICSSON Kent
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 1(1), January 1996, pp.44-46.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Despite many differences between policy and services in Scandinavia, the United States (USA) and Britain, deinstitutionalisation for people of all levels of disability and the closure of institutions really only started on a large scale in the 1980s. The article address the question of why.