Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Making decisions together? Exploring the decision-making process in an inclusive research project
- Author:
- ELLIS Liz
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 33(3), 2018, pp.454-475.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article explores the decision-making process with a group of people with learning difficulties in an inclusive research project. The article explores the literature around people with learning difficulties and decision-making, drawing in particular on studies using conversation analysis. Three examples drawn from the research process and illustrated by transcripts of video data are then examined critically to unpick the author’s claims of collaborative decision-making. (Publisher abstract)
Intellectual disabilities and decision making at end of life: a literature review
- Authors:
- KIRKENDALL Abbie, LINTON Kristen, FARRIS Saritha
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 30(6), 2017, pp.982-994.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Individuals with an intellectual disability are vulnerable to having end-of-life decisions made for them merely due to the presence of a disability. As a result, decisions made by others may not reflect the exact wishes of the individual. Methods: This review examines literature on individuals with an intellectual disability in making end-of-life decisions from the years 2000 to 2014. A total of 38 articles were found with 12 articles having a direct focus on end-of-life decision making. Results: The emerging themes include the following: (i) assumption of lack of capacity, (ii) inconsistency in evaluating capacity and communication challenges and (iii) third party decisions. Conclusions: Earlier discussions about end-of-life planning before the diagnosis of a life-limiting illness would be beneficial. Lacking is a consistent approach to determining capacity for individuals with an intellectual disability. The findings from this review provide a foundation for a decision tree in end-of-life decision making for individuals with an intellectual disability. (Edited publisher abstract)
Guardianship and supported decision making in Israel
- Authors:
- DAVIES Rebecca Naomi, WERNER Shirli, SINAI Amanda
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 11(2), 2017, pp.54-64.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Recent research has promoted the use of supported decision making, in contrast to historical methods of substitute decision making when working with people with intellectual disabilities. In Israel, people with disabilities are protected by the Legal Capacity and Guardianship Law of 1962, which was amended in 2016. The purpose of this paper is to consider how these recent changes are perceived by the professionals in Israel. Design/methodology/approach: Professionals with experience in policy making, law, social work and with direct experience working with people with intellectual disabilities (ID) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews and one focus group. Interviews were recorded and subsequently coded and analysed qualitatively. Findings: Two major themes were identified. These were: the law and its phrasing, and changing culture. Findings highlight the process of change within guardianship law and practice and the challenges in implementation encountered so far and anticipated in the future. Originality/value: Guardianship laws are changing in many states and the challenges to implementation of supported decision-making in these countries have been echoed in this study. Functional models to allow implementation of supported decision-making have not yet been strongly evidenced. It is hoped that this research may provide a springboard for further study into legal capacity and guardianship issues in Israel and elsewhere. (Publisher abstract)
Factors impacting on the capacity to consent in people with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- DYE Linda, HARE Dougal Julian, HENDY Steve
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 8(3), July 2003, pp.11-20.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Much discussion of capacity to consent has focused on how capacity can be assessed. In focusing on the assessment of capacity of people with learning disabilities, information from studies of human judgement and decision -making in the general population had been ignored. This article reviews recent literature, highlights the main factors that affect an individual's capacity to consent and examines the integration of research into these factors in the general population with that of people with learning disabilities. A person's capacity to consent is considered to be affected by three main processes: comprehension, decision making, and communication. Discusses the difficulties people with learning disabilities may have in these processes and possible ways of overcoming these limitations.
Legal, ethical, and rights issues in the adoption and use of the “My Health Record” by people with communication disability in Australia
- Authors:
- HEMSLEY Bronwyn, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 43(4), 2018, pp.506-514.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: The aim of this review was to explore the legal, ethical, and rights issues surrounding use of the Australian My Health Record (MyHR) by people with communication disability. Method: The authors undertook a narrative review of the legislation and research affecting the implementation of MyHR in populations with communication disability. Results: Use of MyHR by people with communication disability will require careful consideration in relation to (a) capacity and consent; (b) roles of nominated or authorised representatives in the system; and (c) the way decisions are made in relation to the use of MyHR, including supported decision-making for people with intellectual disability. Conclusion: Legal and ethical issues in the use of MyHR by people with communication disability centre on legal rights and equal access. These issues must be addressed if people with communication disability are to have full access to their legal rights and access in exercising personal choice and control in the use of MyHR. (Edited publisher abstract)
Time to make up your mind: why choosing is difficult
- Author:
- HARRIS John
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(1), 2003, pp.3-8.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article gives an overview of the current understanding of the concept of choice. It concludes that aspirations to promote choice for people with learning disability are undermined by conceptual confusion about the meaning of choice, inappropriate methods for helping people to make choices and an absence of applied research to guide practice in service settings. This review is designed to establish a conceptual framework for examining choice and empowerment for people with learning disability, and to describe the implications for future research and practice.
The exercise of choice by adults with intellectual disabilities: a literature review
- Authors:
- STALKER Kirsten, HARRIS Philip
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(1), 1998, pp.60-76.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reviews recent research concerning the exercise of choice by people with intellectual disabilities, drawing on the fields of social policy and psychology. While many writers assert the importance and benefits of choice, others have argued that the right to choose may be at odds with the goals of rehabilitation. A range of factors which facilitate or inhibit the exercise of choice are identified from the literature, including those affecting people with profound intellectual disabilities. The reported outcomes of exercising choice are reviewed and, finally, some implications for future research are drawn out.
How do health and social care professionals in England and Wales assess mental capacity? A literature review.
- Authors:
- JAYES Mark, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, early cite 10 February 2019,
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Purpose: To review evidence describing how health and social care professionals in England and Wales assess mental capacity, in order to identify ways to improve practice. Methods: A systematised literature review was completed. Electronic databases of published medical, health and social care research and gray literature were searched. Journal articles and research reports published between 2007 and 2018 were included if they met predefined eligibility criteria. Evidence from included studies was synthesised using thematic analysis. Results: 20 studies of variable methodological quality were included. The studies described assessments carried out by a range of multidisciplinary professionals working with different groups of service users in diverse care contexts. Four main themes were identified: preparation for assessment; capacity assessment processes; supported decision-making; interventions to facilitate or improve practice. There was a lack of detailed information describing how professionals provided information to service users and tested their decision-making abilities. Practice reported in studies varied in terms of its conformity to legal requirements. Conclusions: This review synthesised evidence about mental capacity assessment methods and quality in England and Wales and analysed it to suggest ways in which practice might be improved. (Edited publisher abstract)