Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Victims with learning disabilities: negotiating the criminal justice system
- Authors:
- SANDERS Andrew, et al
- Publisher:
- University of Oxford. Centre for Criminological Research
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 187p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
Research study examining the problems experienced by victims of crime who also have learning difficulties and who are faced with coping with the criminal justice system. Based on questionnaires and an analysis of seventy-eight cases in which one or more victims were learning disabled. Suggests reforms within the criminal justice system which would not undermine safeguards for suspects and defendants.
You're on trial
- Authors:
- HOLLINS Sheila, MURPHY Glynis, CLARE Isabel
- Publishers:
- Gaskell, St. George's Hospital Medical School
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 40p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Booklet designed to provide guidance for people with learning difficulties or mental health needs caught up in the criminal justice system.
Challenging behaviour and offending behaviours
- Authors:
- BOER Harm, IYER Anupama
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 25(3), 2020, pp.117-124.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore three main areas in relation to the interface between challenging behaviour and offending. Design/methodology/approach: The first aim is to explore the labelling of behaviours as challenging or offending behaviour in the light of legal definitions, staff knowledge and beliefs and the mental capacity and mental health acts. The second is to explore challenging behaviour as a risk factor for offending in people with Intellectual Disability (ID). The third aim is to discuss the challenging behaviour as a barrier to discharge from secure services. Findings: There is limited research suggesting that challenging behaviour such as physical aggression can lead to longer stay in forensic services, and this warrants further research. Originality/value: This paper aims to promote discussion about the interface of offending and challenging behaviour in people with IDs and to promote best practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Emotional problems and intellectual disability: comparing groups with and without forensic involvement
- Authors:
- CRAVEN Rachel, SHELTON Lyn
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 11(4), 2020, pp.239-248.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are known to experience increased emotional and behavioural concerns. The study aims to assess whether detained ID patients with a forensic history (IDPF) have increased difficulty managing their impulse control in comparison to detained ID patients without a forensic history (IDP). Using the externalising behaviour problems (EBP) subscale of the EPS, the study aims to compare the differences between the IDFP and IDP groups. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 60 patients with ID detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 (Revised 2007) were assessed using the behaviour rating scale of the EPS. The outcome scores of the EBP were used to examine any observed differences between the scores of forensically involved patients [n = 34] and those without a forensic history [n = 26]. It was hypothesised that patients with a forensic history would display higher scoring on externalised behavioural problems (EBP) than patients without such a history. Findings: Non-parametric testing revealed that there were no significant differences in EBP scoring between the two sample groups. These findings indicate that, for patients in the present study, no differences were detected in the presentation of these two distinct groups. In fact, with the exception of the verbal aggression subscale of the EBP, the other three subscales (physical aggression, non-compliance and hyperactivity) show that actually the IDP group displayed the higher ranked means in these subscales when compared with the forensically involved group. Originality/value: These results indicate possible increased treatment needs within the IDP group and question whether offending history is necessarily a reliable predictor of ongoing hostility and behavioural concerns within similar inpatient services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Learning disability, autism and the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act
- Authors:
- WILLIAMS Fionnuala, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 14(5), 2020, pp.149-167.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper aims to investigate the use of Part VI of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (CPSA) for people with Learning Disability (LD) and/or Autism. This is in the context of a recent review commissioned by the Scottish Government into whether the provisions in the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 (MHA) meet the needs of these groups which would also affect associated legislation such as CPSA.Design/methodology/approach: All CPSA orders active on the 3 January 2018 were identified and analysed for a number of variables including diagnoses, detention length, level of hospital security and medication use. Findings: Of the 580 people on CPSA orders, 69 (11.9%) had LD and 27 (4.7%) had possible/definite Autism. Most people with LD (56.5%) did not have a mental illness or personality disorder. Most (81.2%) had mild LD. There were two patients whose only diagnosis was Autism. Mean duration of detention was longer for those with LD than for those without. Most patients with LD alone were prescribed medication (61.5%) and, if in hospital, were managed in low secure units (59%). Originality/value: The results indicate that people with LD or Autism are differently affected by the application of the CPSA from other people with mental disorders, and that this is potentially discriminatory, if it is not objectively justified . It supports the stance from the recent review that to reduce the potential for discrimination, substantial changes to MHA and CPSA should be considered in the wider review of the MHA in Scotland. (Edited publisher abstract)
Police contact with young people with cognitive disabilities: perceptions of procedural (In)justice
- Authors:
- ELLEM Kathy, RICHARDS Kelly
- Journal article citation:
- Youth Justice, 18(3), 2018, pp.230-247.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The interactions of police with young people with cognitive disabilities (YPWCD) have seldom been considered in research, even though this group is over-represented in the criminal justice system. This article presents the results of a qualitative study into YPWCD’s experiences with police in Queensland, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with service providers who work with YPWCD and YPWCD themselves. The procedural justice perspective was used as an analytic framework to provide an insight into YPWCD’s relationships with the police. Findings point to ways in which police can better respond to YPWCD in procedurally just ways, as well as to the role that family and service providers might play in supporting this outcome. (Publisher abstract)
Pathways into the criminal justice system for individuals with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- RAINA Poonam, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(5), 2013, pp.404-409.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Studies focusing on pathways in the criminal justice system for individuals with intellectual disability are limited in that they only study individuals once they are involved in the system and do not consider the pathways into it. This study examines predisposing factors that lead to various outcomes for individuals with intellectual disability when police are called to respond to their behavioural crises. The police response to 138 individuals with intellectual disability in crisis were examined. Following police intervention, 15 individuals were arrested, 76 were taken to the emergency department and 47 received on-scene resolution. Comparisons between the three groups were conducted. The three groups differed in terms of residence at the time of crisis, history of forensic involvement and type of crisis. Police intervention with adults with intellectual disability can happen for different reasons. Both individual and situational predictors explained this outcome. (Edited publisher abstract)
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour is aimed at everyone who is involved in supporting people with intellectual disabilities who are involved (or in danger of becoming involved) with the criminal justice or forensic health systems. It covers the latest research and policy, as well as practical advice about working effectively with these groups who often fall in the gap between mainstream intellectual disability and forensic services. Especially relevant to practitioners, managers, policy-makers, academics, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, nurses, students, carers and people who use services. Articles from this journal are abstracted and indexed selectively on Social Care Online.
The impact of known criminogenic factors on offenders with intellectual disability: previous findings and new results on ADHD
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(1), 2013, pp.71-80.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
It is well established that child development factors are important in relation to the development of criminal behaviour. Research on developmental risk factors for offenders with intellectual disability has found similar trends. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder are developmental disorders known to be over-represented among criminal populations when compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which ADHD affects the presentation of offenders with intellectual disability. The data was drawn from the Northumbria/Cambridge/Abertay Pathways (NCAP) Project. Information related to index behaviour, history of problem behaviours, childhood adversity and psychiatric diagnoses was recorded in 477 adults who had been referred to forensic intellectual disability services. Comparisons were made between those with a previous diagnosis of ADHD and those without. The findings showed that the ADHD group had higher proportions of physical aggression, substance use, previous problems including aggression, sexual offences and property offences, birth problems and abuse in childhood. The article concludes that ADHD with conduct disorder is associated with a greater degree and history of problematic behaviour in offenders with intellectual disability.
Learning disabilities and criminal justice: custody sergeants’ perceptions of alleged offenders with learning disabilities
- Author:
- HELLENBACH Michael
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40(1), March 2012, pp.15-22.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Despite increased attention by the government towards providing support to people with learning disabilities within the criminal justice system, research suggests that people with learning disabilities are still disadvantaged when they come to the attention of criminal justice authorities. This study aimed to explore attitudes and opinions held by custody sergeants towards offenders with learning disabilities. Unstructured interviews were held with 14 custody sergeants from Cheshire, Merseyside and Greater Manchester. Three themes emerged from analysis of the interview transcripts: identification of people with a learning disability; professional identity; and pressure and problems. The findings showed that there is a lot of confusion about what characterises a person with learning disabilities. It is argued that learning disability is constructed in relation to concepts of fairness and justice, which a custody sergeant may utilise in accordance with their perception of professional identity. These constructs influence custody sergeants in their decision about how individual detainees should be treated and what kind of support should be made accessible to them whilst being detained. Pressure resulting from performance targets further compromised a detainee’s need for support to be sufficiently considered.