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Syndrome specific characteristics in Williams Syndrome: to what extent do early behavioural patterns persist into adult life?
- Authors:
- HOWLIN Patricia, DAVIES Mark, UDWIN Orlee
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(3), 1998, pp.207-226.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reviews the evidence for a 'syndrome specific' pattern of problems and behaviours relating to Williams syndrome. Although there have been many studies of children with this condition, data on adults is limited. The article summarises available information on patterns of functioning in children and examines the extent to which these characteristics persist into adulthood.
Use of ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria to categorise psychiatric and behavioural abnormalities among people with learning disabilities: the West Midlands field trial
- Authors:
- CLARKE David J., CUMELLA Stuart, CORBETT John
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 7(4), 1995, pp.273-285.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) based on Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines for Mental and Behavioural Disorders were used to assign diagnoses to people with mental retardation who in addition had behavioural or psychiatric disorders. The trial showed that clinicians found the DCR to be a useful and comprehensive system for classifying psychiatric disorders occurring among people with mental retardation for research purposes, and for making diagnoses to allow communication in a succinct way with colleagues. The system was, however, felt to require modification for such, with an expansion of classification of behaviour disorders occurring in the absence of a specific psychiatric disorder.
Application of DC-LD to an intellectual disability population
- Authors:
- TULLY John, SCHIRLIU Diana, MORAN Maria
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(5), 2012, pp.259-264.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation (DC-LD), introduced in 2003, was designed to improve accuracy of diagnosis in individuals with intellectual disability. An Irish study aimed to investigate its usefulness in a clinical setting. It involved interviews and review of chart notes with a sample of 50 patients within an intellectual disability service. This article describes the study methodology and results, and discusses the findings. It reports that there was considerable discrepancy between the rates of psychiatric diagnoses after application of DC-LD and rates of previously documented diagnoses within the sample, and that use of DC-LD led to the reclassification of many previously documented diagnoses, mainly as behavioural disorders. It concludes that the study adds to the evidence regarding the usefulness of the criteria, and highlights the shortcomings of non-systematic methods of diagnosis.
DC-LD: diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders for use with adults with learning disabilities/mental retardation
- Author:
- ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS
- Publishers:
- Gaskell, Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 134p.
- Place of publication:
- London
DC-LD is a new classification system providing diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders, intended for use with adults with moderate to profound learning disabilities. It is designed for use by professionals trained in psychiatric diagnosis. Covers techniques of diagnosis, severity and causes of learning disorders, developmental disorders, psychiatric illness, personality disorders and problem behaviours.
The multi-modal diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Authors:
- DETWEILER Robert E., HICKS Andrew P., HICKS Mack R.
- Journal article citation:
- Therapeutic Care and Education, 4(2), Summer 1995, pp.4-9.
- Publisher:
- Association of Workers for Maladjusted Children
Demonstrate that paper diagnosis and treatment of ADHD must involve a multi-disciplined team of professionals. They also show how such a system work at Centre Academy in London.
Seminars in the psychiatry of learning disabilities
- Editors:
- FRASER William, KERR Michael
- Publisher:
- Gaskell
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 337p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
- Edition:
- 2nd
The field of learning disability has advanced very rapidly, with changes in the climate of caring, diagnostic categories and concepts and our understanding of the diverse causes of learning disability. This edition contains chapters incorporating accounts of the psychological treatment of behavioural problems, consent and capacity, the underlying causes of learning disability and molecular genetics. Existing challenges facing learning disability specialists are also highlighted, including physical health needs, communication between professionals and those with learning disabilities and the organisation of comprehensive health care.
Associations between behaviour disorders and health status among older adults with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- DAVIDSON P. W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 7(6), November 2003, pp.424-430.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Few studies have examined the relationship of behaviour and health status among aging persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). Behavioural disorders, which often are coincident with functional decline in older persons with I/DD, may be more related to medical morbidity than previously reported. This cross-sectional study examined the association between health status and behaviour disorders with increasing age in a cohort of 60,752 adults with I/DD clustered into four adult-age groupings (21-44, 45-59, 60-74, and >74). Age grouping data suggested an association between morbidity and increased likelihood of behaviour symptoms in all but the oldest age grouping. The magnitude of the association and trend varied by specific disease across age groupings compared to that found in healthy cohorts. About 25% of the adults with I/DD had psychiatric diagnoses and the frequency of such diagnoses did not decrease with age grouping. These results suggest that adverse health status may increase the likelihood of persistent behavioural disturbances in older persons with I/DD. Moreover, behavioural disorders may be sentinels for occult medical morbidity, which in turn may be responsive to intervention.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and people with learning disabilities: a literature based discussion
- Authors:
- DOYLE Colin, MITCHELL Duncan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities, 7(1), March 2003, pp.23-33.
- Publisher:
- Sage
People with learning disabilities may experience emotional traumas that impact upon their ability to enjoy life. Much of this trauma mnaifests itself in challenging behaviour. The authors discuss key points from the literature and suggest that post-traumatic stress disorder in people with learning disabilities often goes unrecognised.
Autistic thinking: this is the title
- Author:
- VERMEULEN Peter
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 159p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
People with autism think in a specific way: linear and rigid and yet at the same time focused. The author tries to present some insights into this way of thinking. He compares autistic thinking to a computer process. It recognises just one truth. Everyday life knows many truths which does not fit into the thinking process of an individual with autism. This leads to confusion and uncertainty. One thing becomes clear: individuals with autism think in a linear fashion so that the notion of manipulation is never present. They are naive and ask for our sincere support without subterfuge.
Evaluation of brief group-administered instruction for parents to prevent or minimize sleep problems in young children with Down Syndrome
- Authors:
- STORES Gregory, STORES Rebecca
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(1), June 2004, pp.61-70.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The study concerns the unknown value of group instruction for mothers of young children with Down syndrome (DS) in preventing or minimizing sleep problems. Children with DS were randomly allocated to an Instruction group (given basic information about children's sleep) and a Control group for later comparison including objective sleep measures (actometry). As a secondary exercise, parental reports of sleep problems and objective sleep measures were compared in children with DS and a small sample of unimpaired children (U group) of comparable age and sex distribution. Instruction (shown to have improved mothers' knowledge) was associated with improvement in behavioural sleep problem ratings at 6-month follow up with no change in sleep-related breathing problem ratings or actometry findings. Sleep-related breathing problem symptoms and actometry abnormalities were significantly more common in the DS group than in the U group at baseline, with no obvious differences for behavioural sleep problems. Group instruction offers some benefit regarding behavioural sleep problems but not for sleep-related breathing problems to which more attention should be paid in children with DS, with a view to precise diagnosis and treatment.