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Normalization fifty years beyond-current trends in the Nordic countries
- Author:
- TØSSEBRO Jan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), June 2012, pp.134-146.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The notion and principles of normalisation is a main contribution from the Nordic countries to the development of policies and practices in services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of this paper is to explore the practical developments of these services and policies in the countries where the concept emerged and, in particular, the developments that took place after the turn of the 20th century. These years are of special interest because the countries saw important reforms during the 1990s, regarding both deinstitutionalisation and decentralisation. The aim of the paper is to address the developments that took place after the reform energy decreased and political attention had faded. The comparative analysis is based on research reviews in the 5 Nordic countries. The analysis observed a trend toward larger group homes and congregations, inequality across municipalities, marketisation, and new public management, but also an increasing emphasis on consumer rights and the use of the personal assistance scheme in services for people with ID. The article concludes that diverging trends coexist, with improvements going together with significant setbacks. It explores the trends from a political science perspective, noting how they relate to recent shifts in public management and changing drivers of change.
Access to specialised victim support services for women with disabilities who have experienced violence. Comparative Research Report: Austria, Germany, Iceland and United Kingdom
- Authors:
- WOODIN Sarah, SHAH Sonali
- Publisher:
- University of Leeds. Centre for Disability Studies
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 59
- Place of publication:
- Leeds
This comparative report presents the results of research into violence against women with disabilities for the project 'Access to specialised victim support services for women with disabilities who have experienced violence', which was funded by the EU Daphne III programme. It is based on research which took place in Austria, Germany, Iceland and United Kingdom between 2013 and 2014 and involved 187 women with disabilities (106 women in focus groups and 81 women in individual interviews). The research included women with mobility and sensory impairments, women with intellectual impairments, women with mental health conditions and women with multiple impairments. Specialised service providers assisting women who have experienced violence also took part in this study (602 responses to an online survey and 54 individual interviews with representatives from services). Research findings are discussed in the following areas: perceptions and understanding of violence; experiences of violence and support over the life course; women's knowledge about their rights; knowledge about use of services; experience of barriers; helpful aspects of support. Suggestions for improvement and good practice are also included. The report highlights the need for support services that recognise the type and extent of violence against disabled women need to be developed, and for both mainstream and specialised strategies to be pursued. (Edited publisher abstract)