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Social integration of people with intellectual disability: insights from a social psychological research programme
- Authors:
- DIJKER A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(9), September 2011, pp.885-894.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
People with intellectual disability (ID) are being relocated from institutional care to neighbourhood housing. The authors suggest this is being done without detailed knowledge of the social psychological aspects of everyday interaction between neighbours with and without ID. They begin by examining the different ways in which societies respond to conditions and behaviours that may be seen as deviant. They go on to use the results of their own research in the Netherlands to answer questions about what makes neighbouring with people with ID special, in terms of perceptions, emotions and interactions during a pre-contact and contact phase. The theoretical analysis suggests neighbouring in modern Western society often takes the form of benevolent tolerance, rather than stigmatisation and prejudice. However, the empirical studies reveal that in the pre-contact phase prospective neighbours without ID experience a specific pattern of emotions (e.g. with respect to information supply or a caring relationship). These anticipatory reactions were dependent on the expected size of the group and on the severity of ID. It is concluded that interpersonal relationships between neighbours with and without ID should not be polarised as prejudiced/stigmatising versus entirely accepting. The picture appears to be more complex and ambivalent and this needs to be taken into account to make social integration a success.
Implementing community care for people with intellectual disability: the role of organizational characteristics and the innovation’s attributes
- Authors:
- NEIBOER Anna P., PIJPERS Vanessa, STRATING Mathilde M. H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24(4), July 2011, pp.370-380.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Community care enables people with an intellectual disability to arrange their own lives and receive the necessary support to integrate into society. This paper explores the role of care organisations in implementing community care. The study aimed to examine whether organisational characteristics and community care’s attributes can explain perceived problems with the implementation of community care, and whether different reasons for innovation and external factors foster or hamper innovation. The participants were 96 managers in 7 care organisations for people with intellectual disability. The participants completed a questionnaire which included items regarding organisational characteristics, community care attributes, and reasons to innovate. The findings show that the main reasons for innovation are to meet the demands of clients and to improve the primary care process. The most important external influence on the implementation process is government finance. The results also support the notion that problems with the implementation process of community care are related to organisational characteristics and the attributes of community care. An innovative management style was found to be associated with a more successful implementation of community care. Barriers in the implementation process include lack of observability of the innovation, perceived complexity, incompatibility with norms and values of employees, and lack of possibilities to experiment.
Family quality of life empowered by family-oriented support
- Authors:
- SCHIPPERS Alice, VAN BOHEEMEN Marleen
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 6(1), March 2009, pp.19-24.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Professional services for persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) have begun to attach more importance to their environment. The concept of (family-related) quality of life proved to link very well with this idea and lent itself to constructing and evaluating services. One outcome was the emergence of equal partnerships between families, service providers, and other parties in the community. Within this context, the authors explored and described positive practices in supporting young adults with IDs by realizing their personal future plans based on partnerships, the concept of quality of life, and community support. Nine families were followed over a 2-year period (2004–2006). Face-to-face interviews and a survey were conducted with young adults, family members, and professional supporters. Each family was individually supported in the realization of a personal future plan by an "intermediary" or go-between. The results indicated the importance of partnerships among the participants. In creating such partnerships, all participants can be in control, although all parties involved needed extra support to enhance quality of life.
Improving the transfer of care to general practice for people with intellectual disabilities: development of a guideline
- Authors:
- WULLINK Magda, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 4(4), December 2007, pp.241-247.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In the Netherlands, a public policy shift has led to a movement of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) from residential congregate care facilities to normative housing in their communities. Along with these physical transfers, medical care has also been transferred from specialty intellectual disability physicians (IDPs) associated with the residential facilities to general practitioners (GPs) native to the community. To facilitate these changes, the authors created a set of guidelines for the transfer of ID medical care. In developing these guidelines, the authors queried: (1) What elements have to be included in the draft guidelines? (2) What are the barriers to using the draft guidelines in practice and how can these barriers be overcome? and (3) What elements have to be included in the final form of the guidelines? Data for the draft guidelines were drawn from information gathered during interviews and discussions with physicians and allied workers. The guidelines call for a feasible working agreement between IDPs and GPs regarding handing over patient files containing problem lists and histories and arrangements of out-of-hours house calls, practice visits, medication delivery, and paramedical treatments. Inherent barriers to the implementation of the guidelines might be communication difficulties among persons involved in the transfer of care and governmental rules that fail to overcome organizational barriers.
Tinkering as collective practice: a qualitative study on handling ethical tensions in supporting people with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities
- Authors:
- HEERINGS Marjolijn, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ethics and Social Welfare, 16(1), 2022, pp.36-53.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
The values of patient autonomy and community participation have become central in health care. However, care practices involve a plurality of possibly conflicting values. These values often transgress the borders of the individual professional-client relationship as they involve family members, other professionals and community organisations. Good care should acknowledge this relational complexity, which requires a collective handling of the tensions between values. To better understand this process, we draw on [Mol, A. 2008. The Logic of Care: Health and the Problem of Patient Choice. Routledge; Mol, A., I. Moser, and J. Pols. 2010a. Care in Practice: On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms. Transcript Verlag.) by developing the notion of collective tinkering. An ethnographic study was conducted in two teams in community housing services for people with Intellectual Disabilities and Severe Mental Illness. Collective tinkering is analysed (1) within teams; (2) between professionals, family members and professionals from different organisations providing care for the same client; and (3) in organising practices for a collective of clients. Collective tinkering involves assembling goods into a care practice, attentively experimenting with these care practices, and adjusting care accordingly within a collective of those involved in care for a particular client (group). When collective tinkering does not occur, the stakeholders excluded (e.g. clients or family members) may experience poor quality of care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Comparing local and national service systems in social care Europe: framework and findings from the STEPS anti-discrimination learning disability project
- Authors:
- CAMBRIDGE Paul, ERNST Anne
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 9(3), September 2006, pp.279-303.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper outlines the methodology and findings of a cross-national comparison of social care services for people with learning disabilities in Europe, developed from the EU funded STEPS anti-discrimination project. The comparative framework developed for the project is profiled and summary findings are organised into thematic dimensions. Wide variations in service organisation were evident, providing particular challenges for those involved in cross-national research or social work practice. Key variation was evident between local and national systems, the varying impact of generic and specialist community care and the degree of individualisation in services, with various structural, funding and policy barriers to integrated social work and ongoing de-institutionalisation evident. Development priorities for inclusive and anti-discriminatory practice included individual funding and planning, self-advocacy and user involvement in quality management.
Emancipation and self-determination of people with learning disabilities and down-sizing institutional care
- Authors:
- LOON Van Jos, HOVE Van Geert
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 16(2), March 2001, pp.233-254.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In Arduin, an organisation for services to people with learning disabilities in the Netherlands, the emancipation and self-determination of people with learning disabilities has been positively adopted as fundamental in order to secure the best possible quality of life of the clients. In this article the background and developments in perception are outlined, and those dimensions in quality of life are elaborated that are seen as most essential in the innovation: inclusion, self-determination and personal development. The choices that were made as a consequence in Arduin and most fundamental the choice to dismantle the institution are described.