Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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The state of care management in learning disability and mental health services 12 years into community care
- Authors:
- CAMBRIDGE Paul, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 35(7), October 2005, pp.1039-1062.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This paper reports on the organization of care management from a longitudinal study of community care for people resettled from long-stay learning disability and psychiatric hospitals. The findings from a 12-year follow-up of care management arrangements in 12 learning disability and eight mental health study site services are described. The diversity of care management arrangements found at earlier points in the evaluation remained evident. Also, many of the former ‘care in the community’ service users were excluded from mainstream care management arrangements in their localities. The difficulty of developing person-centred arrangements in learning disability and the lack of integration of the Care Programme Approach and care management were evident. The findings and observations are placed in the wider policy and practice context, with suggestions for taking care management forward nationally and locally.
Models of community care in the UK: past and present
- Author:
- McGILL Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 10(1), February 2005, pp.46-51.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Summarises the model of community care proposed by Jack Tizard more than 40 years ago, considers the extent to which it has been implemented and developments since, and reviews the strengths and weaknesses of current models as exemplified by 'Valuing people', considering them in their historical context.
A turning point in the struggle to replace institutions
- Author:
- O'BRIEN John
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 10(1), February 2005, pp.12-17.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
'Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded' (1969), which reflected important contributions by Jack Tizard, marked a turning point in North American attitudes towards institutional reform from a simple call for more staff and new buildings to a much more powerful understanding of the limits of institutions and the need for a comprehensive system of supports based on systematic commitments to human dignity, positive models expressing the potential for human development, and an experimental approach to creating a comprehensive system of community supports.
Does the daily choice making of adults with intellectual disability meet the normalisation principle?
- Authors:
- SMITH Rosanne, MORGAN Michaela, DAVIDSON John
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 30(4), December 2005, pp.226-235.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examined whether daily choice availability for adults with intellectual disability was consistent with Nirje's (1973) normalisation principle. Ratings of the daily choice availability of 59 people with intellectual disability in group homes and 198 individuals without intellectual disability in family homes were obtained. Level of disability, rather than age, affected choice availability of adult participants. Choice availability was significantly lower for adults with more severe intellectual disability, but no significant difference was found between adults with milder disability and those without intellectual disability. Quadratic and bilinear models were fitted to data from 198 adults and children without disability. The better fitting bilinear model showed an increase in choice availability during childhood that plateaued on reaching adulthood. Choice availability age-equivalents were calculated, which were age-appropriate for adults with milder intellectual disability, but substantially lower than expected for adults with moderate to severe disability. The normalisation principle was met for adults with milder intellectual disability, but not for adults with more severe disability.
Deinstitutionalisation and community living: an international perspective
- Author:
- MANSELL Jim
- Journal article citation:
- Housing Care and Support, 8(3), September 2005, pp.26-33.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article reviews progress in deinstitutionalisation and community living for people with learning disabilities. The effects of replacing institutional care on residents are summarised and some emerging problems are identified.
Deinstitutionalisation and community living: an international perspective
- Author:
- MANSELL Jim
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 10(1), February 2005, pp.22-29.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Reviews progress in deinstitutionalisation and community living for people with learning disabilities, summarising the effects of replacing institutional care on residents and identifying emerging problems.
Community-based Residential Supports for People with Intellectual Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour: The Views of Neighbours
- Authors:
- ROBERTSON Janet, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), March 2005, pp.85-92.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The issue of the views of neighbours of community-based residential supports for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour has not been examined till date. This study looks at the views of neighbours of two types of community-based residential supports: non-congregate settings where the minority of residents have challenging behaviour; and congregate settings where the majority of residents have challenging behaviour. A self-completion questionnaire was used to collect information on contact between neighbours, residents and staff, and the views of neighbours. Information was also collected by semi-structured interview with service staff on the characteristics of settings. Sixty-four questionnaires were returned. Contact between neighbours and service users was limited for both types of setting, with two-thirds of neighbours not knowing any service users by name, and a third having had no active contact with service users. Neighbours of non-congregate settings were more likely to think that community care was a 'good policy' (76%) than neighbours of congregate settings (53%) and to believe that there were benefits to the neighbourhood from having the group home in the area (46% versus 29%) but these differences were not significant. Contact with people with intellectual disabilities was associated with more positive attitudes to community care and specific characteristics of the settings. Contact between neighbours and people with severe intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour is limited. However, the majority of neighbours are positive about community care and the problems reported by neighbours are predominantly minor. The results point to the key role that contact plays in fostering positive attitudes. Findings regarding differences between congregate and non-congregate settings are limited by the small number of responses from neighbours of congregate settings.
Breaking the cycle: better help for people with learning disabilities at risk of committing offences: a framework for the north west
- Author:
- NORTH WEST TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT TEAM
- Publisher:
- North West Training and Development Team
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 77p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Accrington
Local services are struggling to meet the needs of people with learning disabilities who are at risk of offending, due to problems with commissioning strategies, inadequate or poorly targeted resources, variable staff competence (with these service users) in ordinary learning disabilities services, insufficient cross-agency coordination (eg. between the CJS, mental health services and CLDTs), insufficient community-based specialist services and a shortage of staff training. People with learning disabilities at risk of offending usually have moderate, mild or borderline disabilities. They frequently have challenging behaviour, additional physical or mental health needs and/or autism. Often their family background is one of chaos, deprivation, abuse and neglect. Usually they have been known to services during childhood but some may lose touch with services for a while when they leave school.
Individual characteristics associated with community integration of adults with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- VINE Xanthe K. L., HAMILTON David I.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 30(3), September 2005, pp.171-175.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This Australian study identified individual characteristics associated with community integration of adults with an intellectual disability. A group of 37 males with high support needs, and who had previously lived in a large institution, participated in the study. Using proxy respondents, data were collected on three measures of community integration, and on the participants' adaptive and maladaptive functioning. Chronological age and years of institutionalisation were also examined for their associations with community integration. Level of daily living skills predicted life circumstances. There were no significant associations among the measures of community integration. The examination of the relationships between participant characteristics and community integration produced similar conclusions to previous research. Only daily living skills scores were uniquely associated with variations in life circumstances. Further research is required to determine whether these findings will be replicated with other cohorts of participants.
Deinstitutionalization and people with intellectual disabilities: in and out of institutions
- Editors:
- JOHNSON Kelley, TRAUSTADOTTIR Rannveig, (ed.)
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 293p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This is an international collaboration between qualitative researchers and former institutional residents with intellectual disabilities that presents a comprehensive overview of personal and professional perspectives on deinstitutionalisation. Personal stories alternate with cultural and political analysis, and reflections on implementing and evaluating deinstitutionalisation. This great diversity of perspectives is complemented by insights into the personal and professional life of one institutional ex-resident, Thomas Allen, whose story provides a powerful commentary on the effect of institutions and deinstitutionalisation on one individual over almost a century. Broader chapters consider the purposes of institutions and use historical case studies to identify reasons for admission or institutionalisation. The authors discuss a range of institutions, including nursing homes, jails, locked houses in the community and forensic units, and interrogate the contrasting notions of institutional oppression and on the other hand, integration and the empowerment it affords on the other. They challenge the continuing discrimination and marginalisation of disabled institutional residents or ex-residents in community life, arguing for a more positive, integrative approach.