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Barriers faced by adults with intellectual disabilities who experience sexual assault: a systematic review and meta‐synthesis
- Authors:
- McGILLOWAY Connie, SMITH David, GALVIN Rose
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(1), 2020, pp.51-66.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Sexual violence is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of sexual violence against adults with intellectual disability is significantly higher than in the general population. The aim of this systematic review and qualitative meta‐synthesis was to explore the barriers faced by adults with intellectual disability in reporting sexual assault from the perspective of different stakeholders. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. A hermeneutic interpretive approach was employed to review and assess the methodological quality of the studies. Findings were meta‐synthesized and juxtaposed to identify themes, concepts and interpretations. Results: Thirteen studies were included. Three overarching themes emerged from an interpersonal, professional and social context, and within these domains, eight subthemes emerged as barriers to reporting sexual assault, including fear, communication, sexual knowledge and understanding, intellectual disability identification, lack of collaboration between service providers, presumption of capacity/credibility, lack of resources, myths and misconceptions. Conclusion: The research demonstrates that deficiencies in communication and collaboration among agencies, a lack of appropriate legislation and specific training needs and education programmes are significant barriers in the reporting of sexual assault by people with intellectual disability. These findings are not unique to adults with intellectual disability and have also been identified among people from the general population who experience sexual assault. However, adults with intellectual disability have additional barriers to overcome in order to access equal rights to healthcare, education and the legal system. (Publisher abstract)
The effectiveness of intensive interaction, a systematic literature review
- Authors:
- HUTCHINSON Nick, BODICOAT Anna
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(6), 2015, p.437–454.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Intensive Interaction is an approach used for communicating with people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities or autism. It has gained increased recognition as a helpful technique, but the evidence has not been systematically reviewed. Method: Computerized and hand searches of the literature were conducted using synonyms for ‘intellectual disabilities’, ‘autism’ and ‘intensive interaction’. Results: Fifteen quantitative and three qualitative papers were identified examining the efficacy of the approach with participants across the age range in both educational and residential settings. Conclusions:Studies were limited by the quality of reporting and difficulties conducting good quality, ethically sound research with participants with PMID. Staff support should be considered in training to aid implementation of interventions. Studies attempted to investigate whether Intensive Interaction builds social interactions or reduces repetitive or self-injurious behaviour. More research needs to be conducted before conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of this approach. (Publisher abstract)