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Challenging behaviour and associated risk factors: an overview (part I)
- Authors:
- KORITSAS Stella, IACONO Teresa
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(4), 2012, pp.199-214.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This review, the first in a two-part series, explores challenging behaviour in adults, its prevalence, risk factors and causes. It aims to provide an overview of prevalence studies and explore the various risk factors that have been associated with challenging behaviour. The authors also seek to explore methodological differences across studies that may contribute to the prevalence variations reported in the literature. The article summarises the findings from frequently cited prevalence studies as well as more recent studies. The prevalence of challenging behaviour reported in the literature has varied due to methodological differences across studies. Despite this, the best estimate is believed to be from 15 to 17.5 per cent. A range of factors have been associated with challenging behaviour and include gender, age, severity of disability and residential setting.
Predictors of challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- KORITSAS Stella, IACONO Teresa
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(6), 2015, pp.312-326.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which mental health, physical health, communication, learned function of the behaviour(s), severity of disability, living arrangement, age, and gender, alone or in combination, predicted challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disability. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 74 adults with intellectual disability and their paid carers were recruited into the study from adult disability services in Victoria, Australia. Paid carers provided information about participants with intellectual disability on a range of measures targeting each variable of interest. Findings: Based on principle components analyses of three challenging behaviour measures, two topographies of challenging behaviour emerged: contact and non-contact behaviours. Multiple regression analysis revealed that contact behaviours were predicted by anxiety scores and severity of disability. In addition to severity of disability and anxiety scores, non-contact behaviours were also predicted by sensory scores. Practical implications: The results of the current study indicate that contact and non-contact behaviours were determined by multiple factors. Clinicians and others who work with people who display challenging behaviour may, therefore, find it helpful to utilise the biopsychosocial model in their formulations of possible reasons that motivate a person to engage in challenging behaviour. Originality/value: These results contribute to the evidence base available to clinicians and researchers to guide future assessment for challenging behaviour. Expansion of functional assessment methods to explore factors not traditionally included, such as mental health and severity of intellectual disability, as causes of challenging behaviour, may prove helpful. (Publisher abstract)
Challenging behaviour: the causes (part II)
- Authors:
- KORITSAS Stella, IACONO Teresa
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(5), 2012, pp.236-248.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The second in a two-part series, this paper aims to provide an overview of the dominant approaches used to explain the causes of challenging behaviour. It presents the causes of challenging behaviour according to 3 theoretical approaches which have dominated the literature: applied behaviour analysis, biological factors, and psychiatric disorders. The authors argue that the causes of challenging behaviour are likely to be complex and involve multiple factors, but that the 3 main approaches focus on single causes and do not explore possible interactions between various causes. They propose a fourth approach, the biopsychosocial model (which encourages consideration of biological, psychological, and social factors), as an alternative model to explain the causes of challenging behaviour.