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Significant improvement in sleep in people with intellectual disabilities living in residential settings by non-pharmaceutical interventions
- Authors:
- HYLKEMA T., VLASKAMP C.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(8), August 2009, pp.695-703.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study focused on improving sleep in people with intellectual disabilities living in residential settings by non-pharmaceutical interventions. The design is a multiple case study using actigraphy. Following a baseline measurement of people with ID, an intervention such as bedtime scheduling was recommended. This was followed by an effect measurement. Sleep efficiency, sleep latency and rising latency improved significantly. The time spent in bed also decreased significantly and the hours of sleep while in bed increased significantly. For people with ID, sleep can be improved by non-pharmaceutical interventions. A multidisciplinary approach is helpful in selecting an adequate intervention.
Self-injurious behaviour in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: 2. association with environmental events
- Authors:
- SLONEEM J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(7), July 2009, pp.590-603.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Self-injurious behaviour is commonly seen in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). However, there has been limited research into the aetiology of self-injury in CdLS and whether environmental factors influence the behaviour. The authors observed the self-injury of 27 individuals with CdLS and 17 participants who did not have CdLS matched for age, gender, level of intellectual disability and mobility. Descriptive analyses were used to determine the extent to which environmental events were associated with self-injury. Lag sequential analysis of the association between self-injurious behaviour and environmental events revealed no differences between the two groups in terms of either the number or degree of environmental associations. The results suggest that the associations between the environment and self-injury in CdLS do not differ from those seen in the broader population of people with intellectual disability. By implication the social reinforcement hypothesis is equally applicable to both groups.
Self-injurious behaviour in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: 1. Prevalence and phenomenology
- Authors:
- OLIVER C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(7), July 2009, pp.575-589.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Self-injurious behaviour is frequently identified as part of the behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). The authors conducted a case-control study of the prevalence and phenomenology of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) in CdLS. A total of 54 participants with CdLS were compared with 46 individuals who were comparable on key variables including age, degree of intellectual disability and wheelchair use, using questionnaire and observational measures. Clinically significant self-injury was not more prevalent in the CdLS group (55.6%), nor was it different in presentation from that seen in the comparison group. Hyperactivity, stereotyped and compulsive behaviours predicted clinically significant self-injury in all participants. Hand directed, mild self-injury was more prevalent in CdLS. The results show that clinically significant self-injury may not be part of the behavioural phenotype of CdLS but a specific body target for proto-SIB is more common.
Supporting parents and carers: a trainer's guide to positive behaviour strategies
- Authors:
- PALEY Sharon, STIRLING Chris, WAKEFIELD Mark
- Publisher:
- British Institute of Learning Disabilities
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 32p., CD ROM
- Place of publication:
- Kidderminster
Parents and carers are often the most important influence on a child’s life and yet they very rarely receive training in strategies to help them deal with challenging behaviour. Training delivered by people who are in, or have been in, the same situation as themselves is likely to be more meaningful and produce a more positive response. This trainer’s guide is intended to provide parents and carers, as well as professional trainers, with materials to deliver training in positive behaviour strategies. The guide includes a CD-ROM with PowerPoint presentation and handouts and, with the clearly set out session plans, provides a comprehensive course that is designed to be easily understood by those who may have limited formal training.
FraX-E: underdiagnosed, undertreated, under-researched and misunderstood
- Authors:
- FREEMAN Laura, TURK Jeremy
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 1(3), September 2007, pp.40-51.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article focuses on the consequences of having FraX-E, a variant of fragile X syndrome. The authors provide some background on the condition and report on recent research and evidence. Three case reports are outlined and the specific behavioural aspects of the syndrome are considered. The authors argue that it is important that the behavioural phenotype for FraX-E is clearly identified and defined in order to give those with the condition relevant psychological and educational support in the future.
Abuse of the disabled child: a systematic review of population-based studies
- Authors:
- GOVINDSHENOY N., SPENCER N.
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(5), September 2007, pp.552-558.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Systematic review of population-based studies published between 1966 and January 2006. Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane library, National Research Register, Social Sciences database and PsychInfo databases were searched for potentially relevant studies. Inclusion criteria: population-based cohort, case–control or cross-sectional studies of children <18 years of age that reported empirical data on the association of abuse with disability. Risk estimates were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) where possible. Meta-analysis was not undertaken because of heterogeneity of studies. Four studies met the inclusion criteria. Two were longitudinal studies, one was a retrospective birth cohort and the remaining study was a cross-sectional survey. Types of disability studied varied widely as did methods used to ascertain abuse and neglect. Two studies accounted for potential confounding. Three studies reported an association between psychological and emotional disabilities and abuse. Two studies reported an association of learning disability with abuse. Only one study examined the association of physical disability (cerebral palsy) with abuse reporting an adjusted odds ratio for all forms of abuse of 1.79 (95% CI 0.96, 3.36) and for physical abuse of 3.00 (95% CI 1.29, 6.78). The evidence base for an association of disability with abuse and neglect is weak. Psychological and emotional problems, and learning difficulties appear to be associated with abuse but this association might arise because these conditions share a common aetiological pathway with abuse. There is limited evidence that physical disability predisposes to abuse.
Thumbs up!: a training pack on assertiveness skills for people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- BELL Deanne
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 83p.. Looseleaf
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
This photocopiable pack emphasises an holistic approach to personal development and highlights the link between self-esteem and behaviour. This resource presents information for the facilitator in a flexible format, and includes activities, key points and aims for each session. Participants are encouraged to develop and practice assertiveness skills, recognise the importance of self-esteem on behaviour and develop strategies for raising self-esteem.
Managing sleep disturbances in children with learning disabilities
- Author:
- THORPE Beverely
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 22.03.05, 2005, pp.42-45.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
The view that children with special needs are more likely to experience sleep disturbances is well recognised. Physical and psychological factors associated with the child's condition, as well as the influence that the child's disability has on parents' attitude and management, combine to increase the likelihood of the child developing sleep disturbances. Looks at the assessment process and possible treatment techniques. Includes two case studies with suggested behaviour management techniques to resolve sleep disturbances in children with special needs.
Changing behaviour through relocation
- Author:
- MACLEOD Fiona
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 27.9.01, 2001, pp.40-41.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Looks at how a move into a community home has altered the behaviour of four people with learning disabilities.
An examination of the relationship between staff behaviour and stress levels in residential care
- Authors:
- ROSE John, MULLAN Ellen, FLETCHER Ben
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 7(4), 1995, pp.312-327.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
Examines the relationship between levels of stress and the observed performance at work of direct care staff in one community unit and two group homes for people with learning disabilities. Staff were given a questionnaire which measured their levels of stress and factors which they perceived could have influenced them. Staff were also observed in detail at work and asked to report on levels of stress during these observation periods. No significant differences in levels of stress were found between the staff in group homes and community units. There was greater staff/resident interaction in the group homes, suggesting that quality improvements in residential environments can be achieved without affecting staff stress. A number of factors, particularly relationships with other staff and management, are discussed as of vital importance in influencing stress levels.