Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Using wordless books to support clinical consultations
- Authors:
- HOLLINS Shelia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice, 12(4), 2017, pp.260-271.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Based on a literature and practice review, the purpose of this paper is to examine the theoretical and clinical basis for using wordless books with patients who have intellectual disabilities (ID) and/or autism. Design/methodology/approach: A literature review identified seminal peer-reviewed English language articles relating to the neuroscience of information and emotion processing for adults with ID and/or autism. In addition to published examples, illustrative case examples were contributed by clinicians regularly using wordless books. Findings: Many people, including those with ID, selectively attend to visual information. Minimising the cognitive load by using wordless pictorial narrative reduces anxiety, and empowers the patient. Clinicians using such resources describe positive clinical outcomes. Only the Beyond Words wordless books have been identified in published clinical trials. Research limitations/implications: Although existing evidence suggests a strong positive impact, further research into the use of wordless books for people with ID is needed. Practical implications: Wordless books are reported to help develop staff skills and empathy for supporting adults with ID. The books facilitate some legally required reasonable adjustments to increase service access. Staff training is needed for effective use of wordless books. Originality/value: Wordless books specifically designed with and for adults with word processing difficulties, ID and/or autism to enhance health literacy and explore their own narratives and emotional responses around health experiences and personal traumas are a unique approach. This paper may also offer the first exploration of their neuropsychological underpinnings. (Publisher abstract)
Adult - hospital CTR (secure). Workbook 3: Care and Treatment Review (CTR): key lines of enquiry
- Author:
- NHS ENGLAND
- Publisher:
- NHS England
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 23
- Place of publication:
- London
A workbook for panel members to record their findings during a Care and Treatment Review (CTR) for adults in a secure hospital setting. The workbook is based on the key lines of enquiry (KLOE), shows what sort of questions to ask and where to find evidence. It also provides space to record findings and to record what you think if the person’s quality of care overall for each KLOE. The KLOEs, are: Does the person need to be in hospital?; Is the person receiving the right care and treatment?; Is the person involved in their care and treatment?; Are the person’s health needs known and met?; Is the use of any medicine appropriate and safe?; Is there a clear, safe and proportionate approach to the way risk is assessed or managed?; Is there active planning for the future and for discharge?; and Are family and carers being listened to and involved?. The workbook will also help with deciding what goes into the CTR report. It is one of a series of 6 workbooks, which each cover different types of CTR and Care, Education and Treatment Review panels. (Edited publisher abstract)
Beyond autism and technology: lessons from neurodiverse populations
- Authors:
- BROSNAN Mark, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Enabling Technologies, 11(2), 2017, pp.43-48.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report on the sixth seminar in a seven-seminar series entitled, Innovative Technologies for Autism: Critical Reflections on Digital Bubbles, funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council. The aim of this particular seminar was to reflect upon the implications from neurodiverse communities for the development of technology for autism. Design/methodology/approach: Presentations from key researchers and parental perspectives are reviewed, highlighting contemporary issues in neurodiverse populations that have important implications for autism. Findings: Whilst there are many conditions associated with autism, most commonly intellectual disability (learning difficulties), this is not reflected in research. In addition, for child-based research, researchers are at least a generation older than participants and have had different digital-childhoods. Involving neurodiverse populations within participatory design sessions can address both of these issues. Understanding the context of the issues that the participatory design sessions address is crucial for developing participatory design principles that extend from one condition to another. This includes understanding when findings based upon verbal populations can be extended to non-verbal populations. Originality/value: This paper offers up-to-date insights into how design principles from one condition extend to different conditions. Universal interaction and neurodiversity HCI are considered. This is important within neurodiverse populations, especially given the high rates of additional conditions that are associated with autism. Whilst the majority of autism research has involved verbal populations, the benefits of technology can extend to non-verbal populations. (Publisher abstract)
“From cause to cure”: a qualitative study on contemporary forms of mother blaming experienced by mothers of young children with autism spectrum disorder
- Authors:
- COURCY Isabelle, DES RIVIERES Catherine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 20(3), 2017, pp.233-250.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In the past, the behaviours and personalities of mothers have been identified as potential causes of autism. More recently, other etiological hypotheses have been used to explain autism spectrum disorder, suggesting that this specific type of mother-blaming is now uncommon. However, some authors have pointed out that mothers are still being held responsible for their children’s condition and behaviours, as they are now expected to extensively promote their children’s development. The present article explores contemporary forms of mother-blaming experienced by thirteen mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. The results are discussed in relation to the consequences of mother-blaming, such as social isolation and health related problems. It is hoped that this article will encourage social workers and professionals to understand the mothers’ perspectives and to recognise the importance of supporting them without generating or increasing mother-blaming. (Edited publisher abstract)
Rare instances of individuals with autism supporting or engaging in terrorism
- Authors:
- FACCINI Lino, ALLELY Clare Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 8(2), 2017,
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The prevalence of individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder being associated with terroristic threats, lone wolf terrorism or affiliating with terroristic groups is rare. Design/methodology/approach: However, several cases are presented, where individuals with autism are involved in making a naïve, empty terroristic threat, or uttering serious serial terroristic threats. Other cases are also presented of individuals being at risk for an abduction or being used by a terrorist group, and finally committing an act of domestic lone wolf terrorism. Findings: Essential to the analysis was establishing a functional connection between autism-based deficits and the terroristic threats, terrorism, and when to not criminalize naïve, empty terroristic threats or acts. Originality/value: Currently, tools available to law enforcement and prosecutors exploit the vulnerabilities and liabilities which arise as a result of group interactions, a “preventive” approach to terrorism that is not applicable to the solitary, “lone wolf” terrorist (Barnes, 2012; Zierhoffer, 2014).There has been relatively little research (including case studies) examining individuals with ASD who engage in terrorism. For instance, when dealing with an individual with ASD who is charged with terrorism, it is crucial to consider how the diagnosis of autism may have presented as a contextual vulnerability, and to make sure that justice, rehabilitation and management, are informed by an understanding of the person’s diagnosis of ASD (Al-Attar, 2016). (Publisher abstract)
Care and treatment reviews (CTRs): policy and guidance. Including policy and guidance on Care, Education and Treatment Reviews (CETRs) for children and young people
- Author:
- NHS ENGLAND
- Publisher:
- NHS England
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 114
- Place of publication:
- Leeds
Updated policy and guidance setting out the expectations for implementation of Care (Education) and Treatment Reviews (CTRs) across England. Care and Treatment Reviews (CTRs) were developed to improve the care of people with learning disabilities, autism or both in England with the aim of reducing admissions and unnecessarily lengthy stays in hospitals and reducing health inequalities. This revised policy and guidance builds on learning following the introduction of the first Care and Treatment Reviews (CTR) policy in October 2015 and in working partnership with people with learning disabilities and their families. The document includes information on the review process, the Key Lines of Enquiry responsibilities, and pathways to CTRs. It also includes additional guidance in relation to the successful implementation of CTRs for children and young people. Although CTRS are being driven by the NHS, the involvement of local authorities and education services in the CTR process and its outcomes are necessary for improving care and treatment for people with learning disabilities and their families. (Edited publisher abstract)
The nature and rate of behaviour that challenges in individuals with intellectual disabilities who have hearing impairments/deafness (a longitudinal prospective cohort survey)
- Authors:
- BUSKERMOLEN Willem Meindert, HOEKMAN Joop, ALDENKAMP Albert Pierre
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(1), 2017, pp.32-38.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: In this article, the authors describe a study of the prevalence of behaviour that challenges and which internal factors are related to behaviour that challenges in 21 people (fourteen are male, seven are female, varying in age from 12.4 to 42 years; mean 26.6, SD 7.27) with intellectual disabilities who have hearing impairments. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained by recording behaviour on a daily basis during one year using the ‘Individual Behaviour Observation and Rating Scale’ that was developed especially for this study. Results: It was found that 100% of the participants in this study showed behaviour that challenges, although this was not observed every day in each participant. Prevalence rates during a year varied from 1.8% to 77.3%. On average, the prevalence rate was 28.9%. The auhtors found a significantly negative correlation between behaviour that challenges and delay of communication as well as the level of social independence. They also found that in people with autism spectrum disorder, the prevalence of behaviour that challenges was significantly higher than in people without autism spectrum disorder. The level of intellectual disability as well as the level of hearing impairments was not related to the prevalence of behaviour that challenges. Conclusion: Because there are several patterns of increasing and decreasing behaviour that challenges throughout the day, it is not possible to draw one conclusion on this issue for the whole group. However, where certain individual patterns can be recognised, it is possible to make individual plans for the clients. This could mean an improvement in daily care and as a result an improvement in the quality of life for people with intellectual disability who have hearing impairments. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Why we need local pathways for children with learning disabilities and/or autism whose behaviours challenge (including those with a metal health condition)
- Authors:
- NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT TEAM FOR INCLUSION, CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR FOUNDATION
- Publishers:
- National Development Team for Inclusion, Challenging Behaviour Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 5
- Place of publication:
- Bath
Building the Right Support (NHS England et al., 2015) sets out a national plan to develop community services and close inpatient facilities for people with a learning disability and/or autism who display behaviour that challenges. This plan covers children and young people, and includes a new service model of local support arrangements to prevent admission. This explanatory note explains why local pathways are needed to improve outcomes for children and families, target public funding more effectively, and fulfil the duties under the Children and Families Act 2014. It also lists the range of organisations who are responsible for the development and delivery of local pathways. It is one of a set of three resources commissioned by the NHS England Transforming Care Programme help Transforming Care partnerships, local authorities and CCGs to work together with local families. (Edited publisher abstract)
Named Social Worker: findings from six pilot sites report
- Authors:
- SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE, INNOVATION UNIT
- Publishers:
- Innovation Unit, Social Care Institute for Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 36
- Place of publication:
- London
This report sets out the findings from the six sites involved in the Named Social Work programme during the six months from October 2016 to March 2017. The programme aimed to explore how having a named social worker could contribute to individuals with learning disabilities, autism or mental health needs achieving better outcomes and being in control of decisions about their own future. The report provides a summary of the impact achieved and a cost benefit analysis in each of the six sites, which developed their own approaches based on their local context. The sites cover: Calerdale, Camden, Hertfordshire, Liverpool, Nottingham and Sheffield. It also includes a set of programme level insights which show how a Named Social Worker model can shift outcomes; by providing permission for social workers to work in new ways; by setting expectations around working more closely with individuals; by opening up visibility across the system for named social workers to engage at different stages of an individual’s journey; and by being an endeavour of the whole team. The report also outlines some of the tools used by the sites. (Edited publisher abstract)
Preparing to visit a doctor: to talk about psychotropic medication
- Author:
- VOLUNTARY ORGANISATIONS DISABILITY GROUP
- Publisher:
- Voluntary Organisations Disability Group
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 20
- Place of publication:
- London
This guide provides information for support workers who are accompanying a person with a learning disability, autism or both to a GP consultation appointment to talk about psychotropic medication. It aims to help the support worker to work with the person to prepare for their appointment, remember to take all the necessary information, compile a list of questions to ask during the appointment, and summarise key information at the end of the appointment. An Information and Action checklist to be completed before the appointment is included. The guide has been produced as part of the STOMP healthcare campaign to stop over medication of people with learning disabilities or autism. (Edited publisher abstract)