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Psychological assessment with people with learning disabilities and mental ill-health
- Author:
- DAGNAN Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 2(4), December 2008, pp.4-8.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper considers the process of psychological assessment for people with learning disabilities and mental ill-health. The paper will describe a formulation-driven approach with reference to a social-cognitive model of mental ill-health in people with learning disabilities. This process is illustrated with a brief case study of an assessment within this model.
Quality of life issues in the development and evaluation of services for people with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- McVILLY Keith R., RAWLINSON Rosanne B.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 23(3), September 1998, pp.199-218.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article reviews and evaluates methodologies for the assessment and promotion of quality of life (QOL), a multidimensional and dynamic construct frequently used to measure psychological and physiological wellbeing in people with intellectual disability (ID). Objective and subjective components of QOL are critically reviewed, together with the social and psychological factors that impinge on it. Discusses contrasting approaches to the assessment of QOL, including process-centred approaches to evaluation. Proposes that the future research should directly address the question of concurrence in QOL evaluations between and people with ID and their proxies.
The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System: a pilot study of inter-rater reliability and face validity with adults with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- GALLICHAN Deanna, GEORGE Carol
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 12(2), 2018, pp.57-66.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) Picture System is a reliable and face valid measure of internal working models of attachment in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Design/methodology/approach: The AAPs of 20 adults with ID were coded blind by two reliable judges and classified into one of four groups: secure, dismissing, preoccupied, or unresolved. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using κ. Six participants repeated the assessment for test-retest reliability. Two independent experts rated ten cases on the links between the AAP analysis and the clinical history. Findings: There was significant agreement between AAP judges, κ=0.677, p<0.001. Five out of six participants showed stability in their classifications over time. The majority of expert ratings were “good” or “excellent”. There was a significant inter-class correlation between raters suggesting good agreement between them r=0.51 (p<0.05). The raters’ feedback suggested that the AAP had good clinical utility. Research limitations/implications: The inter-rater reliability, stability, face validity, and clinical utility of the AAP in this population is promising. Further examination of these findings with a larger sample of individuals with ID is needed. Originality/value: This is the first study attempting to investigate the reliability and validity of the AAP in this population. (Edited publisher abstract)
Models of disability, quality of life, and individualized supports: implications for professional practice in intellectual disability
- Authors:
- BUNTINX Wil H. E., SCHALOCK Robert L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(4), December 2010, pp.283-294.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In the past decade, new models have emerged with respect to the constructs of intellectual disability, quality of life, and supports. These models have implications both for understanding the underlying phenomena as for validating professional practices. This article describes the context and key components of models of human functioning and disability (American Association on Intellectual and Development Disabilities, and International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health), quality of life, and supports, and demonstrate how these models are related by synthesising their similarities and differences. From this it discusses the implications for professional clinical and service good practice. It is argued that these models offer relevant frames of reference for guiding and integrating activities of medical, behavioural, and social disciplines in the field of intellectual disability services. It is also argued that knowledge of these models and their relationships facilitates communication among professionals and between professionals and policy makers.
The case for a new 'case' management in services for people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- CAMBRIDGE Paul
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 38(1), January 2008, pp.91-116.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Micro-organization is currently fragmented in services for people with learning disabilities. Care management, person-centred planning (PCP) and direct payments have developed through separate policy strands, with tasks and agency responsibilities blurred. A wide diversity of care management arrangements currently operate, with the relationship between care management, PCP and direct payments imprecisely defined. PCP and direct payments have also been variably implemented. This paper argues for a new ‘person-centred case management’, with these different devices better integrated and decision-making and action more person-centred. Drawing on practice experience from the original British case management experiments, the new ‘case’ management would be centred on the needs and wants of individuals, be conducted independently from assessment, operate outside the public sector and be able to access personal budgets. It would consequently have the capacity to further de-institutionalize services and support and transfer more control to people with learning disabilities.
The differences between sex offending and challenging behaviour in people with an intellectual disability
- Author:
- DOYLE David Michael
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29(2), June 2004, pp.107-118.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper differentiates between sexual offending behaviour and challenging behaviour in people with an intellectual disability. There is growing awareness that people with an intellectual disability can perform both classes of behaviour. The definitions of sexual offending and challenging behaviour are almost interchangeable, due to the poor construction of the term challenging behaviour. It is when clinicians attempt to view sexual offending from within the framework and underpinning philosophy of the challenging behaviour model that the magnitude of the mismatch emerges. In this paper, the basic definitions are elaborated on and the different models of assessment discussed, as is the approach taken towards the treatment of the two kinds of behaviour. The corresponding notions of intent, criminal intent and communicative intent are also compared. The implications of interpreting sex offending behaviour as challenging behaviour are highlighted. In the conclusion of this discussion functional analysis is put forward as a technique that may aid in the assessment of sex offending.
Reliability and validity of the CANDID: a needs assessment instrument for adults with learning disabilities and mental health problems
- Authors:
- XENITIDIS K., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, May 2000, pp.473-478.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Although people with learning disabilities are more likely to develop mental health problems than their non-disabled counterparts, there is no widely accepted instrument for measuring needs in this group. This study aimed to develop the Camberwell Assessment of Need for Adults with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities (CANDID) and investigate its validity and reliability.
Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE): development, validity and reliability
- Authors:
- REYNOLDS Tom, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, May 2000, pp.444-452.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
There exists no instrument specifically designed to measure comprehensively the needs of older people with mental disorders. This article describes the development of such an instrument which would take account of patients', staff and carers' views on needs. The Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) comprises 24 items (plus two items for carer needs), and records staff, carer and patient views. Concludes that the psychometric properties of the CANE seem to be highly acceptable. It was easily used by a wide range of professionals without formal training.
Assessing parents with learning disabilities: the parental skills model
- Authors:
- MCGAW Sue, STURMEY Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse Review, 3(1), March 1994, pp.36-51.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Definitions of what constitutes adequate or inadequate parenting continue to be unclear. Professionals who are required to formulate opinions regarding parental competency often experience difficulties with this tasks. These difficulties are further compounded when the assessment involves parents with learning disabilities. They comprise a heterogeneous population many of whom have varying deficits and skills. Outlines a Parental Skills Model which offers a guide to professionals in their assessment of such parents. The model focuses on: parents' life skills, familial history and access to support/resources.
Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme: a collaboration opportunity for academia and industry
- Authors:
- MASON Jonathan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 23(3), 2018, pp.139-146.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to summarise the initial experiences of Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). It highlights some of the main challenges being faced by participants, service providers and government, and demonstrates how research can contribute to the ongoing implementation and success of the scheme. Design/methodology/approach: The historical basis for the need for a new approach to disability funding in Australia is explored. The opportunities that exist and the difficulties that are being encountered by those entering and working within the new scheme are discussed. Findings: Several problems were identified including difficult transitions between existing support frameworks to new “NDIS plans”, and the risk of market failure. Both the problems and their solutions are discussed and it is hoped that collaboration between the Commonwealth Government, service users, their families, service providers and universities can lead to a number of lasting improvements. Practical implications: The new funding framework provides exciting opportunities for increasing the funding of people with intellectual and physical disabilities in Australia. Developments in technology, service provision in rural and remote areas and the opportunity to meet aspirational life goals exist alongside a number of challenges, including the need to ensure that those with multiple and complex disabilities retain existing levels of support. Originality/value: The implementation of the NDIS is still underway, and opportunities exist to implement changes to the scheme where required. Research findings have an important role to play in the national debate regarding how best to improve quality of life for people with a disability in Australia. (Edited publisher abstract)