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The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory in people with Intellectual Disabilities: Factor analyses and group data
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William R., SKENE Danielle D.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(5), September 2007, pp.401-408.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). Although a large amount of work has been completed in mainstream clinical fields on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory – 2nd Edition (BDI-II), to date there has been little work completed on people with ID. This paper presents several analyses that provide information on the psychometric properties of the BAI and the BDI-II. Data on subsamples of the total cohort are also presented. Both assessments were appropriately revised for use with persons with ID and individually administered. A sample of 108 participants from inpatient and community settings completed the assessments. In supplementary analyses, several subsamples of anxiety referrals, depression referrals, sex offenders, other types of offenders, men and women are also presented. The joint factor analyses of the BAI and BDI-II revealed a two factor solution corresponding closely to a depression and anxiety factor. Results from further factor analyses independently demonstrated that the BAI had three factors corresponding to cognitive–subjective anxiety, somatic temperature and somatic balance symptoms. The BDI-II exhibited a three factor structure: cognitive self, cognitive-affective/loss of functioning and somatic symptoms. In the supplementary analyses anxiety referrals had significantly higher scores on the BAI, depression referrals higher scores on the BDI, sex offenders are significantly lower scores on both the BAI and BDI than other groups. The factor structure of the BAI and BDI conforms specifically to those found in research with the general population. Result suggests that both assessments can be used reliably with individuals who have ID.
A comparison of anxiety and depression in sex offenders with intellectual disability and a control group with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William R., LEES Merlanie S.
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 15(4), October 2003, pp.339-345.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The aims of this study were to employ modified versions of the 21-item Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories with a group of 16 sex offenders with mild intellectual disability and borderline intelligence and 16 control participants with similar levels of intellectual disability. Test-retest correlations found high reliability for both assessments across all participants. There was a significant difference between the scores of the 2 groups with the sex offenders reporting significantly lower levels of anxiety and depression than the control participants. The results are discussed by presenting hypotheses on the emotional stability in each group.