Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities in integrated and sheltered employment: an exploration of the literature
- Authors:
- AKKERMAN Alma, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 13(3), 2016, pp.205-216.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this study was to explore existing research evidence regarding job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities in integrated and sheltered employment settings, and its associated factors. A systematic and comprehensive literature search revealed 13 relevant studies that were examined. Results indicated that people with intellectual disabilities in integrated employment and sheltered employment generally report satisfaction with their jobs. Satisfaction levels appear to be higher in integrated employment. Furthermore it was found that characteristics of the employee and of the employment setting were associated with job satisfaction, as well as social relations, support, and the fit between the employees’ needs and the work environment. Advancements can be made with respect to policy and practice of employment of people with intellectual disabilities. To improve their job satisfaction the authors suggest an integrative approach, taking into account that job satisfaction is an interplay between personal, situational, and social-cognitive characteristics. This is reflected in current theoretical frameworks in general job satisfaction literature. Future research on job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities could profit from developments in general job satisfaction literature and in addition take account of factors particularly relevant to people with intellectual disabilities, the possible impact of comparison processes, and the development of sound measurement methods. Finally, the authors advocate for greater insight and involvement of people with intellectual disabilities in career related matters, to enhance their self-determination and motivation and increase satisfaction. (Edited publisher abstract)
Intellectual disability and substance use/misuse: a narrative review
- Authors:
- DAY Christine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 7(1), 2016, pp.25-34.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the literature on substance use/misuse within an intellectual disability (ID) population. The paper is focused on the prevalence, motivation and implications of substance use as well as the interventions for misuse. Design/methodology/approach: Research focused on substance use and ID (IQ of 70 or less with onset in the developmental period) were considered. Findings: The findings indicate a disparity between research findings regarding the prevalence of substance use/misuse within ID populations. Previous research indicates that individuals with ID may use/misuse substances as a form of relief or respite from negative experiences. Although there is a clear need for intervention, many of the ID population do not engage with generic interventions for substance misuse. Additionally, professionals responsible for the provision of interventions identify a lack of training and support to meet the needs of ID populations. Research limitations/implications: The review highlights problems with the current evidence base and barriers this poses indicates a need for further research and intervention. It found minimal research in this area, with barriers to language and demographics being underreported. Originality/value: In order to build a greater understanding of this issue, a shared universal language and definition of ID must be implemented. Further research to improve the understanding of why those with ID misuse substances is imperative before designing and implementing useful interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Supporting people with learning disabilities to develop sexual and romantic relationships
- Authors:
- HARFLETT Naomi, TURNER Sue
- Publisher:
- National Development Team for Inclusion
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 23
- Place of publication:
- Bath
This short literature review looks at the barriers facing people with learning disabilities wanting to develop sexual and romantic relationships and what works to support then. The review conducted searches of research evidence and of resources to support people with learning disabilities, parents/carers and staff to enable people with learning disabilities to develop relationships. This report summarises the findings of these two searches. The review highlighted that people with learning disabilities face a number of barriers to developing sexual or romantic relationships, in particular: attitudinal barriers, barriers related to support and access to information; and additional barriers for specific groups, such as LGBT people. Although a lack of information was highlighted as a barrier in the research evidence, the review of the resources found a number of resources freely available on the internet and organisations providing training around sex and relationships aimed at people with learning disabilities, staff and parents. The report includes links to resources. (Edited publisher abstract)
The family caregiving context among adults with disabilities: a review of the research on developmental disabilities, serious mental illness, and traumatic brain injury
- Authors:
- BARRIO Concepcion, HERNANDEZ Mercedes, GAONA Lizeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 19(4), 2016, pp.328-347.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A majority of adults with serious disabilities are cared for in the home by family members. Guided by an ecological framework, this article presents the findings of a literature review of research on family caregiving and family support for adults with disabilities. This review included 33 research studies published between 2000 and 2015 focused on three disabilities: developmental disabilities, serious mental illnesses, and traumatic brain injury. A synthesis of the findings underscores the critical role that family caregivers occupy in addressing the needs of their loved one with a disability; however, the needs of the caregiver are insufficiently met by existing service approaches. A better understanding of the unique needs and strengths of the family support context of caregivers and care recipients is needed, giving greater attention to ethnic, racial, and cultural considerations in future research. (Publisher abstract)
Autism, sexual offending, and the criminal justice system
- Author:
- MOGAVERO Melanie Clark
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 7(3), 2016, pp.116-126.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: There has been growing concern among stakeholders about individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and sex offending as research supports an indirect association. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, bring more awareness of the sexuality and deviant/criminal sexual behaviour among those with ASD to stakeholders in the criminal justice system (CJS). Second, demonstrate that much of the deviant or sexual offending behaviour exhibited among those with ASD is often a manifestation of their ASD symptoms and not malice. Third, demonstrate the necessity to address specific needs of individuals with ASD who enter the CJS due to criminal sexual behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: This paper provides an overview of the ASD symptomology, including the diagnostic changes, a review of the literature on ASD and sexuality, which includes deviant sexual behaviour and sexual offending. Findings: The author linked examples of deviant or sexual behavior in the research literature to the ASD symptomology and described how the symptomology explains such behaviour. Originality/value: Sexual offending among those with ASD has received little research outside the mental health field. This review is of particular importance to those in the CJS unfamiliar with ASD, as they should handle them differently with regard to formal interviewing, measures of competency, capacity, and sentencing. (Edited publisher abstract)
Staff ability to carry out behavioural strategies for individuals with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours
- Authors:
- KLAVER Marian, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 10(4), 2016, pp.248-257.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of studies that focused on variables likely to affect staff ability to carry out behavioural strategies for challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review: studies that were published in a peer reviewed journal, between 1999 and 2016, were selected for this review. Findings: In total, 29 articles were selected. Several factors likely affect staff ability to appropriately carry out behavioural interventions were identified: staff assumptions, distressing emotions elicited by challenging behaviours, reciprocal reinforcement systems, service characteristics and cultural systems. Originality/value: These findings raise the question what staff need in order to be able to change their naturally occurring behaviours in response to challenging behaviours and to carry out behavioural interventions. Future research may identify barriers and facilitators underlying the provision of effective interventions, taking into account the possible role of staff beliefs, their emotions, service characteristics and cultural systems. (Publisher abstract)
A review of research on direct-care staff data collection regarding the severity and function of challenging behavior in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
- Authors:
- MADSEN Emily K., PECK Janelle A., VALDOVINOS Maria G.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 20(3), 2016, pp.296-306.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
In working with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), it is direct care staff who are often required to collect data on individuals’ behaviour which is used as the basis for implementation of empirically based approaches for intervention and treatment. Due to limited resources, indirect and descriptive measures of challenging behaviours are employed to analyse the function of individuals’ behaviours in place of the preferred method of multimodal assessment, which includes experimental functional analysis. To ensure the most effective services and support to individuals with IDDs, accurate and consistent data collection is critical. This article highlights the importance of accurate data collection practices, conduct a comparison of data collection methods, and discuss limitations and barriers for staff. The article concludes with recommendations for best practices and future research. (Edited publisher abstract)
Improving practices of risk assessment and intervention planning for persons with intellectual disabilities who sexually offend
- Author:
- KELLER Jason
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 13(1), 2016, pp.75-85.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article reviews contemporary academic research on effective specialized risk assessment and intervention planning for sexually inappropriate behaviour among people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and highlights opportunities for improvement. First, research on risk factors was reviewed, observing the differences between empirically validated common factors and factors that are specific to the individual. Second, existing actuarial and structured clinical judgement approaches were evaluated. Third, the person-centred planning approach to service planning for persons with ID was examined, highlighting how the principles of this approach may be used to enhance current practices in risk assessment and intervention planning. The author concludes that effective collaboration between support teams and clinical professionals, with focus maximized on individual risk factors and strengths, should lead to improved outcomes of risk assessment and intervention planning for persons with ID whose sexual behaviour is inappropriate. A call to action is presented for the development of an enhanced, fourth-generation, approach that embodies a collaborative framework. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cybervictimization of young people with an intellectual or developmental disability: risks specific to sexual solicitation
- Authors:
- NORMAND Claude L., SALLAFRANQUE-St LOUIS François
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(2), 2016, pp.99-110.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Studies demonstrate that youth are vulnerable to online sexual solicitation. However, no study has estimated this risk for youth diagnosed with an intellectual or developmental disability (IDD). Methods: A literature review of the risk factors associated with online sexual solicitation in youths was done using electronic databases, such as PsychInFO, ERIC, MEDLINE and Scopus. Results: Fifty-seven published papers were found relevant. However, only two pertained to the population with IDD. Sexual and physical abuse, social isolation, loneliness, depression, and chatting were found to increase the risk of being prey to sexual solicitation on the Internet. Many of these risk factors are even more prevalent in youth with IDD than in the general population. Conclusion: Recommendations are made for future research to help understand and prevent sexual cybersolicitation. (Publisher abstract)
Building bridges to a good life: a review of asset based, person centred approaches and people with learning disabilities in Scotland
- Authors:
- McNEISH Di, SCOTT Sarah, WILLIAMS Jennie
- Publisher:
- Scottish Commission for Learning Disability
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 79
- Place of publication:
- Glasgow
This review explores the potential to join up thinking on increased choice and control for people with learning disabilities and the principles of asset based working. Commissioned by the Scottish Commission for Learning Disability, it considers the efficacy of asset based approaches for people with learning disabilities, looks at evidence of the impact these approaches can have on people’s lives and also identifies examples of good practice in Scotland. The review draws on the results of a literature review; interviews with key informants involved in asset based working and learning disability services; and a mapping of projects using asset based principles with people with learning disabilities across Scotland. The results suggest that there are is reason why the focus of assets work cannot be broadened to include opportunities for people with learning disabilities. However it suggests that asset based approaches should be seen in the context of efforts to advance the personalisation and social integration agendas, and that if that they need to fit alongside services, support systems and initiatives. Examples included in the review illustrate how services can add to the assets of individuals and communities, provided they are willing and committed to relating to people and doing things differently. Factors identified that facilitate asset based approaches with people with learning disabilities, include: addressing wider inequalities and stigma; ensuring people with learning disabilities are active participants in place based community development; and tackling attitudinal barriers and established ways of doing things. (Edited publisher abstract)