Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Systematic review of restraint interventions for challenging behaviour among persons with intellectual disabilities: focus on experiences
- Authors:
- HEYVAERT Mieke, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(2), 2015, pp.61-80.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The second in a two-part series, this article focuses on experiences with restraint intervention for challenging behaviour among people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A mixed methods research synthesis involving statistical meta-analysis and qualitative meta-synthesis techniques was applied to synthesize 76 retrieved articles. This second article reports on the qualitative meta-synthesis of 17 articles on experiences with restraint intervention for challenging behaviour among people with intellectual disabilities. Results: The 17 included articles report on important variables relating to the persons receiving restraint intervention, to the persons giving restraint intervention and to their interactions and relationship, as well as variables situated at the meso- and macro-level. Conclusions: The developed model can assist in reflecting on and improving of current restraint intervention practices among people with intellectual disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
Criterion-related validity of challenging behaviour scales: a review of evidence in the literature
- Authors:
- TURTON Raistrick W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(2), 2015, pp.81-98.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Behaviour that challenges has negative impacts on physical and emotional well-being and quality of life. Challenging behaviour scales are used to identify needs and evaluate interventions and must be valid measures. Criterion-related validity is important, and the best quality assessment uses direct measures of behaviour as criteria. Previous reviews of scales affirm their validity but present little supporting evidence. The current review examines the evidence presented in studies of validity. Methods: Searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO to identify scales that focus on challenging behaviour and find publications that assess their criterion-related validity. Results: Searches identified twelve scales and 21 publications that assess validity. One assessment used direct measures of behaviour, and the remainder used indirect measures that themselves have limited evidence of validity, including membership of diagnostic or service groups and other scales. Conclusions: Little firm evidence of validity was found, but what was found is encouraging. (Publisher abstract)
'It's my life' autonomy and people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- BJORNSDOTTIR Kristin, STEFANSDOTTIR Guorun V., STEFANSDOTTIR Astriour
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 19(1), 2015, pp.5-21.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article discusses autonomy in the lives of adults with intellectual disabilities. The article draws on inclusive research in Iceland with 25 women and 16 men and employs ideas of relational autonomy from the perspectives of the Nordic relational approach to disability. In this article, the authors examine autonomy in relation to private life, that is, homes and daily activities. The article demonstrates how practices have improved with time and seem less paternalistic. However, the article also demonstrates that the assistance people with intellectual disabilities receive in their homes often has institutional qualities, and they are often met with belittling perspectives from staff and family members. Furthermore, many did not have access to important information needed to develop individual autonomy and independence, including making their own choices. The research findings suggest that people with intellectual disabilities can with appropriate support develop individual autonomy and make their own choices. (Edited publisher abstract)
Why study the history of learning disability?
- Author:
- GOODNEY C. F.
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(1), 2015, pp.3-10.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce practitioners and practice-based academics to the relevance of historical study to learning disability research. States need to balance conceptual history against that of learning disabled individuals; reviews existing literature; offers guidelines for prospective historians; gives sample of findings from author's work elsewhere; draws conclusions. Findings: Research which is conceptually based and goes back before the rise of the long-stay institutions reveals the historical contingency of learning disability not only as a concept but as a supposed 'natural kind', and exposes the more durable historical permanence of the phobia that creates 'extreme outgroups'. Originality/value: Of the very small amount of historical scholarship that engages with conceptual history before the modern era, none of it till now has sought to enquire about the relevance of its findings to current practice. (Publisher abstract)
The eyes have it
- Author:
- HOLSTROM Radhika
- Journal article citation:
- Learning Disability Today, 15(1), January 2015, pp.12-13.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
People with learning disabilities are more likely than the average population to have vision problems. Part of the problem is that their needs often go unrecognised. This article highlights initiatives to tackle inadequacies in vision care for people with learning disabilities. Initiatives include: a number of clinical commissioning groups commissioning different eye services for people with learning disabilities; the development of a Vision Champions model by RNIB Scotland which provides training for staff working with learning disabilities; a peer education programme (run jointly by SeeAbility and Opening Doors) is training people with learning disabilities so they in turn can talk to people about eye care; and Kent Association for the Blind (KAB) is working with the user-led Kent Valuing People Partnership to provide an information pack to opticians. (Edited publisher abstract)
Nothing to be frightened of?
- Author:
- O'DRISCOLL David
- Journal article citation:
- Learning Disability Today, 15(1), January 2015, pp.14-15.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
The author, a psychotherapists specialising in loss and bereavement, discusses his experience of providing bereavement support and counselling to people with learning disabilities. The author highlights the varying levels of service that exist, the importance of providing effective support and his belief that all learning disability nurses to be trained as bereavement counsellors. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cleaning up
- Author:
- PARTON Dan
- Journal article citation:
- Learning Disability Today, 15(1), January 2015, pp.26-27.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
The Chartity Hft runs two environmentally friendly car cleaning services in Gloucester and Stroud, which help young people with learning disabilities develop vital job skills in paid employment. The initiative offers work experience for up to 12 weeks for one day a week. Although the work experience is unpaid, a job coach works alongside the young person throughout this time. Individuals can then apply for vacancies as they arise. The long term goal is to offer NVQs in customer service skills and other qualifications to their employees. (Original abstract)
Thematic analysis of the effectiveness of an inpatient mindfulness group for adults with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- YILDIRAN Hatice, HOLT Rachel R.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43(1), 2015, pp.49-54.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The study focused on the effectiveness of group mindfulness for people with intellectual disabilities in an assessment and treatment unit. Six participants with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The interviews focused on identifying the benefits and difficulties of using mindfulness. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified which were categorised into interpersonal ('helping people') and intrapersonal ('focusing on one particular thing'; 'improving skills'; 'get rid of all nasty bad stuff you want to get rid of') benefits. The theme 'bit too late to teach old dog new tricks' captured the difficulties encountered. The themes highlighted that people with intellectual disabilities were able to form an understanding of mindfulness and were able to benefit from the intervention. (Publisher abstract)
Finding the sparkle: storytelling in the lives of people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- GROVE Nicola
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(1), 2015, pp.29-36.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The ability to tell a story, whether personal or fictional, is a skill which can enable people to build a sense of identity, friendship, community and self-advocacy. However, narrative is rarely prioritised in services. This paper describes two approaches to the development of storytelling for people with learning disabilities used by the charity Openstorytellers - Learning to Tell and StorysharingTM. Reflections from interviews are used to illustrate how individuals view their experiences as storytellers, and the benefits that come in the wake of learning to tell and listen to stories. Storytelling led to an increased sense of purpose, confidence, communication and value. The findings are based on subjective perceptions by the people concerned, and were not obtained through independent research. However, they represent a first step towards evaluating the impact of multidimensional interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Numbers and policy in care for people with intellectual disability in the United Kingdom
- Author:
- GLOVER Gyles
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(1), 2015, pp.3-11.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Statements or commitments making use of numbers have an important place in government policy. They appear at all stages of the policy process: campaigning, formulation, monitoring and evaluation. Many types of source are involved including research studies, national survey information, routine operational data collections and special systems devised to monitor particular initiatives. Method: The paper presents examples of policy uses of numerical evidence, and some sources of data that have been used to support them in the field of care for people with intellectual developmental disability in England. Conclusions: Different levels of precision or coverage are required at different stages of the process. Different types of numerical data are appropriate at the various stages of the policy process. (Publisher abstract)