Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Mortality in people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- HESLOP Pauline, LAUER Emily, HOGHTON Matt
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(5), 2015, pp.367-372.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper reviews why an understanding of mortality data in general, and in relation to people with intellectual disabilities in particular, is important. It explains how an understanding of mortality can help understand how healthy people are and also help determine whether a person has died too soon. The paper also introduces the papers in this special edition of the Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mortality of people with intellectual disabilities in England: a comparison of data from existing sources
- Authors:
- HESLOP Pauline, GLOVER Gyles
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(5), 2015, pp.414-422.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: At present, there is limited statistical information about mortality of people with intellectual disabilities in England. This study explores the data that are currently available. Methods: Four recent sources of data about mortality of people with intellectual disabilities in England are reviewed: the Confidential Inquiry into Premature Deaths of People with intellectual disabilities (CIPOLD); the 2013 Joint Health and Social Care Intellectual Disability Self-assessment Exercise; local registers of people with intellectual disability; and analysis of Cause of Death certificates. Results: Available data confirm that people with intellectual disability have a shorter lifespan and increased risk of early death when compared with the general population. The standardised mortality rate for people with intellectual disabilities is approximately twice that of the general population in England, with little indication of any reduction in this over time. Conclusions: Comprehensive data about mortality of people with intellectual disabilities that take account of the age and sex distribution of the population are currently lacking in England. Existing data suggest persistent inequalities between people with intellectual disabilities and the general population. There is an urgent need for better monitoring mechanisms and actions to address these. (Publisher abstract)
A search for meaning: telling your life with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- HORN Jaime Helena, MOSS Duncan
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43(3), 2015, pp.178-185.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Research has identified the collective experiences of oppression, stigma and isolation in the lives of people with learning disabilities. Against the backdrop of social and cultural processes that shape and limit the life experiences of people with learning disabilities, the authors are interested in how the individual develops a sense of self and identity. The aim is to further understand the subjective world of one woman with learning disabilities, drawing attention to how meaning about herself and her world has been constructed. The authors present and analyse one woman's life story, adopting a narrative and participatory research approach, with its focus on personal experience, whilst making links between the individual and social world. (Publisher abstract)
Special educational needs in England: January 2015
- Author:
- WHITAKER Adam
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Education
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 9
- Place of publication:
- London
This statistical first release publishes data from the January 2015 school census on pupils with special educational needs and information about special schools in England. It also provides data on the characteristics of pupils by their SEN provision. The release shows that 15.4 per cent of pupils in schools in England have identified special educational needs (equating to 1,301,445 pupils). This has been decreasing since 2010 (21.1 per cent) and is a fall of 2.5 percentage points since last year. Nearly a quarter of pupils with a primary need were recorded as having ‘Moderate Learning Difficulty’ as their primary need – the most common primary need. (Edited publisher abstract)
Participatory research, people with intellectual disabilities and ethical approval: making reasonable adjustments to enable participation
- Authors:
- NORTHWAY Ruth, HOWARTH Joyce
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(3-4), 2015, pp.573-581.
- Publisher:
- John Wiley and Sons
Aims and objectives: The aim of this paper is to explore how making reasonable adjustments to the process of securing ethical approval for research can facilitate the meaningful involvement of people with intellectual disabilities as members of a research team. This is achieved through critical reflection upon the approach taken within one participatory research study whose objective was to explore how people with intellectual disabilities understand abuse. Background: Internationally participatory research studies (in which active involvement of community members in all stages of the research process is sought) are becoming increasingly common in the context of health care and, more specifically, within research involving people with intellectual disabilities. However, whilst it is acknowledged that participatory research gives rise to specific ethical challenges, how (or if) involvement in securing ethical approval is facilitated, is not discussed in most research reports. The significance of this paper is that it seeks to address this gap by exploring how meaningful participation can be promoted by making reasonable adjustments. Methods: Within the study, the research team worked in collaboration with the ethics committee to identify potential barriers that could prevent the participation of members of the research team who had intellectual disabilities. Reasonable adjustments (such as redesigning forms) were made to the processes involved in securing ethical approval. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that it is possible to ensure that ethical standards are upheld and the requirements of ethics committees met whilst also facilitating the meaningful involvement of people with intellectual disabilities. Relevance to clinical practice: The reasonable adjustments approach explored within this paper can be translated into the context of clinical practice: making changes to the way that services are delivered can promote greater involvement of people with intellectual disabilities in their own health care. (Publisher abstract)
The empty rhetoric of inclusion
- Author:
- JACKSON Robin
- Journal article citation:
- Learning Disability Today, 15(3), May/June 2015, pp.22-24.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
The author argues that recent policies of inclusion with learning disabilities risk achieving the opposite effect as they fail to take into account the needs of this population. It raises the lack of specialist training course to equip teachers with the skills to teach pupils with learning disabilities; the marketisation of social care could result in of low cost services and poorly trained staff; the use of CCTV in care homes which could lead to a reduction in the numbers of skilled staff employed; and the financial vulnerability of many care homes, resulting in the ownership of care home falling into fewer hands. (Edited publisher abstract)
Rising stock
- Author:
- PARTON Dan
- Journal article citation:
- Learning Disability Today, 15(4), July/August 2015, pp.28-23.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
Apulstock is a one day music event aimed at people with learning disabilities that has been running since 2012. The event is organised by the Apuldram Center, a charity that provides services and supported living to people with learning disabilities. This article reports on the how the event is organised, the benefits for those attending and the potential for the model to be replicated by other learning disability organisation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Application of community treatment orders (CTOs) in adults with intellectual disability and mental disorders
- Authors:
- GUPTA Jaya, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 2015, pp.196-205.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore use of community treatment orders (CTOs) in adults with intellectual disability (ID) and mental health problems across England and Wales. Design/methodology/approach: A web-based exploratory survey was sent to 359 consultants on the database of the Faculty of the Psychiatry of ID, Royal College of Psychiatrists who had declared ID as their main speciality. Socio-demographic details of responding consultants, clinical characteristics of adults with ID on CTO, subjective views of consultants on using CTOs in people with ID were collected and analysed. Findings: In total, 94 consultant questionnaires were returned providing information on 115 patients detained under CTO. More than 75 per cent of the respondents had used CTO in their clinical practice. Patients subject to CTO were generally young, white males with mild ID and living in supported accommodation. CTOs were primarily used in situations of non-engagement (52.2 per cent), non-compliance with medication (47 per cent) or non-compliance with social care supports (49.6 per cent). Practical implications: Responding consultants expressed concerns about encroachment of civil liberties and ethics of using CTOs in people with ID who may lack capacity and stressed that decision to use CTOs needs to be therefore done on individual basis. Originality/value: This is the first national study to examine the practice of applying CTOs in adults with ID and mental disorders. Current practice is based on evidence from research done in adults with normal intelligence. Further research is needed to investigate the utility of CTOs in routine clinical practice in adults with ID and mental disorders. (Publisher abstract)
Personality disorder and intellectual disability: concept and prevalence
- Author:
- ANDERSEN Hilde Katrine
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 2015, pp.163-173.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The range of prevalence of personality disorder (PD) found in people with intellectual disability (ID) has been reported as vast, and has included data from dissimilar settings. The purpose of this paper is to review the reported prevalence of PD in the general population of people with ID, and to consider how different and changing ideas about PD have affected these rates. Design/methodology/approach: Cross-sectional studies of the prevalence of PD in people with ID were identified. The quality of the studies was considered, along with how cases of PD were identified. Findings: Six studies were included. The reported prevalence of PD in people known to have ID ranged from 0.7 to 35 per cent. Possible reasons for this wide range included different views of PD and methods of assessment. Research limitations/implications: The wide range of findings suggests that methodological differences are significant. Consideration to how clinicians should respond to the overlap of impairment between ID and PD may improve the conceptual clarity of PD, informing future epidemiological research. Originality/value: This review was limited to studies of samples likely to be representative of the general ID population. The range of prevalence estimates was narrower than previously reported, and more likely to reflect the true prevalence rate of PD amongst people who have ID. Consideration was also given to how different ideas of PD led to different methods and may have contributed to variance in the results. (Publisher abstract)
Down syndrome: systematic review of the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression
- Authors:
- WALTON Catherine, KERR Mike
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 2015, pp.151-162.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Design/methodology/approach: The PRISMA (2009) checklist for systematic review was followed where possible. Findings: Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis from a total of 634 records identified. The quality of the studies was then assessed: the studies all scored either 5 or 6 out of 6. The incidence of depression ranged between studies from 5 to 13 per cent. It was found that depression is more common in DS than the general intellectual disability population; this on a background of mental ill health of all causes being less common in DS. It was suggested that, excluding organic disorders, depression is the most common psychiatric problem in DS. In terms of the nature of depression, the evidence was less clear. Various “vegetative” and biological symptoms were observed, with no fixed pattern. There was evidence for withdrawal symptoms and psychosis. Research limitations/implications: The small number of studies included in this review, and their heterogeneity, highlights the need for further original research in this field. Practical implications: - An increased awareness of the frequency of depression in individuals with DS will aid in a timely diagnosis, therefore reduce psychiatric morbidity. Clinicians should be aware of the varied presentation, with no clear clinical picture, in order to maintain a high index of suspicion in an individual presenting with “atypical” symptoms. Originality/value This review has provided preliminary evidence that depression may be the most commonly experienced psychiatric disorder in DS. (Publisher abstract)