Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Employment and volunteering for adults with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- TREMBATH David, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(4), December 2010, pp.235-238.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Employment is a fundamental part of adult life. Adults with intellectual disability face multiple barriers to employment, however, and are underrepresented in the paid workforce. Formal volunteering has been promoted as both a stepping stone and an alternative to employment for some adults with disability. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research findings relating to volunteering and employment for work-age adults with intellectual disabilities. Few studies have examined the experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities who volunteer. The findings indicate that volunteering alone is unlikely to lead to employment for adults with intellectual disability. However, some adults with intellectual disability view volunteering as a meaningful and desirable alternative to paid work. The article concludes that there is a need for further research to examine the relationship between volunteering and employment for adults with intellectual disability. In addition, there is a need for practice guidelines to ensure that the outcomes for adults with intellectual disability who volunteer, and those who seek employment, are successful.
A masculine perspective of gendered topics in the research literature on males and females with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- WILSON Nathan J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 35(1), March 2010, pp.1-8.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article explores the idea that a focus on male social pathologies may have evolved within parts of the intellectual disability research literature. It makes some connections between mainstream gender theory about hegemonic masculinity and the current gendered discourse in intellectual disability research. This review conducted a thematic analysis of all journal article titles from four prominent intellectual disability journals where man, woman, men, women, male, female, girl, and boy were in the title. Thematic differences were identified between articles that focused on males or females, with less research attention on male health compared with female health. A strong focus was evident on problematised male sexual behaviour. The authors suggests that there is a difference apparent between articles that problematise males and articles for females encouraging health promotion that suggests a disparate focus on male social pathologies. In conclusion, a deeper contextual analysis of unique sex differences in research is suggested.
Non-verbal communication between nurses and people with an intellectual disability: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- MARTIN Anne-Marie, O'CONNOR-FENELON Maureen, LYONS Rosemary
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 14(4), December 2010, pp.303-314.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
To date, there is limited research investigating communication between intellectual disability nurses and service users with severe communication impairments. This article aims to examine the literature regarding such communication, and presents a critical review of common themes arising from this literature. The article starts with an in-depth examination of communication as a concept. Communication between the intellectual disability nurse and the person with an intellectual disability is then discussed in the context of existing literature. Key themes to emerge from the review include knowledge of the person with intellectual disability, mismatch of communication ability, and knowledge of communication. Finally, the authors present a critical review of the importance of communication in learning disability nursing practice. In conclusion, the authors suggest that due to the lack of information relating to intellectual disability nursing and non-verbal communication, further research is required. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK: 2010
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, BAINES Susannah
- Publisher:
- Improving Health and Lives: Learning Disabilities Observatory
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 20p.
- Place of publication:
- Stockton-on-Tees
Designed to assist primary, acute and specialist NHS trusts in fulfilling their responsibilities for meeting the health needs of people with learning disabilities, this report summarises recent evidence from the UK on the health status of people with learning disabilities. It notes that people with learning disabilities have poorer health than their non-disabled peers and that the health inequalities they face start early in life, and draws attention to aspects of health where people with learning disabilities fare particularly poorly. It looks at inequalities in health status, summarising the available UK research literature on the health status and needs of children and adults with learning disabilities since 2002. It also discusses determinants of health inequalities faced by people with learning disabilities, covering increased risk of exposure to social determinants of health, increased risk associated with specific genetic and biological causes of learning disabilities, communication difficulties and reduced health literacy, personal health risks and behaviours, and deficiencies in access to and quality of health care provision. The authors conclude by suggesting actions which can be taken to respond to the health inequalities identified.
More than giving people a voice ....
- Authors:
- TOWNSLEY Ruth, MARRIOTT Anna
- Journal article citation:
- Learning Disability Today, 10(5), June 2010, pp.35-37.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
The authors present an overview of a project which reviewed the literature between 1997 and 2009 on the needs, costs and benefits of independent advocacy for young disabled people at transition. The research found that independent advocates can play a vital role in supporting young people with learning disabilities at transition. Access to independent advocacy at transition can mean: young people are involved more often in transition planning; young people’s views are better represented and respected during transition planning; professionals are better informed about the transition process and what is expected of them; professionals provide a better service to young people before, during and after transition; and young people have more confidence, self-esteem and higher expectations for their futures. A case study illustrates these points and gaps in current knowledge and suggestions for further research in this area are discussed.
Personalisation and adults with learning disabilities: an annotated guide to the literature
- Author:
- NORTHFIELD John
- Publisher:
- NHS Evidence
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Place of publication:
- London
This literature review identifies and briefly summarises recent literature relevant to supporting adults with learning disabilities in the context of the personalisation agenda in England. It is not a comprehensive or systematic review of the literature, but provides a broad based starting point. It provides links to tools and documents, and helps to explain key concepts and terms.
Behavioural interventions for self injurious behaviour: a review of recent evidence (1998–2008)
- Author:
- PRANGNELL Simon
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(4), December 2010, pp.259-270.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study provides an update to a review by Emerson published in 2001 on behavioural interventions for self injurious behaviour (SIB) for people with learning disabilities. A systematic search of peer reviewed journals and the ‘grey’ literature identified 34 relevant documents published between 1998 and 2008, the majority of which were single case studies. These papers tended to report only on changes in the frequency of SIB during the intervention; therefore conclusions cannot be made about the long term efficacy and generalisability of these approaches. Reductions in SIB were highly variable, often produced in controlled environments and with the use of aversive interventions. This study presents implications for research and clinical practice and highlights the need for more research reporting on the effectiveness of new interventions such as positive behavioural support.
Followers or leaders? What is the role for social care practitioners in annual health checks for adults with learning disabilities?
- Authors:
- MANTHORPE Jill, MARTINEAU Steven
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 14(1), March 2010, pp.56-66.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
English government policy promotes health checks for adults with learning disabilities based on the need to address lack of access to healthcare services and poor health outcomes for this group of citizens. This paper highlights the findings of a scoping review of the literature carried out in 2009 to examine the implications of a national system of health checks for the work of practitioners in social care services. The review found little in the research literature relevant to social care practice and concluded that there is a need to consider the possible roles of social care staff in initiating health checks. The reviews also suggested the possible involvement of social care staff in decision making around issues of consent, social care practice in recording and implementing the recommendations of such checks. Finally, the review suggested that staff should consider their possible roles as escorts, chaperones and supporters with communications, and that the presence of regulatory scrutiny of their participation in this activity was required.
Dementia in older adults with intellectual disabilities: epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis
- Authors:
- STRYDOM Andre, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), June 2010, pp.96-110.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The authors conducted a literature review on the epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis of dementia in older adults with intellectual or learning disabilities (ID) and specific genetic syndromes, such as Downs syndrome (DS) using Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO for original papers in English, German or Dutch, between 1997 and 2008. Articles from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, United States, Netherlands, Ireland; Japan, South Africa, Scandinavia and Italy had varied methodologies and differences in diagnoses resulting in a wide range of prevalence rates of dementia. Rates of dementia in those with ID, not because of DS, were comparable or higher than those in the general population. The onset of Alzheimers disease in DS appears earlier and the prevalence increases from less than 10% in the 40’s, to more than 30% in the 50’s with varying prevalence reported in those over 60 years. Incidence rates increased with age. Presentation differs in the ID population compared with the general population, with those with DS presenting with behavioural changes believed to be due to frontal lobe deficits. Few studies of dementia in other genetic syndromes such as Rett syndrome, an autistic spectrum disorder, and Sanfilippo syndrome were located in the literature, but these are discussed and tabulated along with others found.
The story about theater organizations, the public's approval, and the actors' identity formation in Nordic disability theater
- Authors:
- GJAERUM Rikke Gurgens, INELAND Jens, SAUER Lennart
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 9(4), October 2010, pp.254-273.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Nordic disability theatre is a relatively new field of disability research. This article provides an overview of Nordic disability theatre and conducts a comparative analysis of the prevailing conditions in Sweden and Norway. The article is based on an analysis from 4 research projects; 2 Norwegian studies of 3 theatre groups with participants with hearing impairment and intellectual disability, and 2 Swedish studies of 2 theatre groups with participants with intellectual disability. The projects involved qualitative interviews of 16 Norwegian and 35 Swedish informants and focus groups of 21 Norwegian children between 7 and 9 years old. A quantitative questionnaire was also completed by 128 Norwegian adult audience members. The aim of this article is to illustrate the consequences the organisation of the theatrical activities have for the disability theatre actors. The analysis is based on 2 organisational principles: theatre as social welfare service; and theatre as art. The article also addresses the relationship between the theatres and the public opinion and media. Finally, the article illustrates how the organisation of the theatre and public recognition and approval play an important role for the actors' identity formation and sense of belonging.