Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Application of community treatment orders (CTOs) in adults with intellectual disability and mental disorders
- Authors:
- GUPTA Jaya, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 2015, pp.196-205.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore use of community treatment orders (CTOs) in adults with intellectual disability (ID) and mental health problems across England and Wales. Design/methodology/approach: A web-based exploratory survey was sent to 359 consultants on the database of the Faculty of the Psychiatry of ID, Royal College of Psychiatrists who had declared ID as their main speciality. Socio-demographic details of responding consultants, clinical characteristics of adults with ID on CTO, subjective views of consultants on using CTOs in people with ID were collected and analysed. Findings: In total, 94 consultant questionnaires were returned providing information on 115 patients detained under CTO. More than 75 per cent of the respondents had used CTO in their clinical practice. Patients subject to CTO were generally young, white males with mild ID and living in supported accommodation. CTOs were primarily used in situations of non-engagement (52.2 per cent), non-compliance with medication (47 per cent) or non-compliance with social care supports (49.6 per cent). Practical implications: Responding consultants expressed concerns about encroachment of civil liberties and ethics of using CTOs in people with ID who may lack capacity and stressed that decision to use CTOs needs to be therefore done on individual basis. Originality/value: This is the first national study to examine the practice of applying CTOs in adults with ID and mental disorders. Current practice is based on evidence from research done in adults with normal intelligence. Further research is needed to investigate the utility of CTOs in routine clinical practice in adults with ID and mental disorders. (Publisher abstract)
Down syndrome: systematic review of the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression
- Authors:
- WALTON Catherine, KERR Mike
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 2015, pp.151-162.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Design/methodology/approach: The PRISMA (2009) checklist for systematic review was followed where possible. Findings: Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis from a total of 634 records identified. The quality of the studies was then assessed: the studies all scored either 5 or 6 out of 6. The incidence of depression ranged between studies from 5 to 13 per cent. It was found that depression is more common in DS than the general intellectual disability population; this on a background of mental ill health of all causes being less common in DS. It was suggested that, excluding organic disorders, depression is the most common psychiatric problem in DS. In terms of the nature of depression, the evidence was less clear. Various “vegetative” and biological symptoms were observed, with no fixed pattern. There was evidence for withdrawal symptoms and psychosis. Research limitations/implications: The small number of studies included in this review, and their heterogeneity, highlights the need for further original research in this field. Practical implications: - An increased awareness of the frequency of depression in individuals with DS will aid in a timely diagnosis, therefore reduce psychiatric morbidity. Clinicians should be aware of the varied presentation, with no clear clinical picture, in order to maintain a high index of suspicion in an individual presenting with “atypical” symptoms. Originality/value This review has provided preliminary evidence that depression may be the most commonly experienced psychiatric disorder in DS. (Publisher abstract)
Deciding what to research: an overview of a participatory workshop
- Authors:
- NORTHWAY Ruth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(4), 2014, pp.323-327.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper discusses how a participatory workshop with people with learning disabilities was held to try and identify priority areas for research. It is hoped that by sharing these experiences, other people will be encouraged to try similar approaches. (Edited publisher abstract)
Trends in age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy of people with learning disabilities in Sheffield over a 33-year period
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 19(2), 2014, pp.90-95.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe trends in the age-standardised mortality rate and life expectancy of people with learning disabilities in Sheffield over three decades and to compare these with trends in the general population of England and Wales. Design/methodology/approach: Data were extracted from the Sheffield Case Register and compared with data published by the Office for National Statistics for England and Wales. Findings: There was a sustained reduction in age-standardised mortality rates and a sustained increase in life expectancy for people with intellectual disabilities over the 33-year period. These changes are extremely similar to those observed in the general population of England and Wales. Originality/value: There is little evidence of any closing of the gap in age-standardised mortality rates or life expectancy between people with intellectual disabilities and the general population. (Publisher abstract)
Showcase for Boulders Indoor Climbing Centre
- Author:
- JENKINS Lyndsey
- Journal article citation:
- Llais, 109, Winter 2013/14, pp.17-18.
- Publisher:
- Learning Disability Wales
This article describes an event held at Boulders Indoor Climbing Centre in Cardiff to demonstrate how climbing is being used to improve the mental and physical wellbeing of a range of different users. It explains how the climbing has helped one 21 year old who sustained a brain trauma when he was 16 years old. The event also explained how Newport City Council's NEET Project uses Boulders as a way of engaging with young people. (Original abstract)
When is a job not a job?
- Author:
- COLLIS Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Llais, 106, Spring 2013, pp.3-5.
- Publisher:
- Learning Disability Wales
Social enterprises have an important role to play in providing employment opportunities for people with a learning disability. However, some social enterprises may make claims that do not stand up to close scrutiny. The author takes a critical look at social enterprises, some of which actually provide very low paid work, volunteering opportunities, or operate as part of a local authority day service rather than providing real employment. (Original abstract)
Looking into abuse: research by people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- LOOKING INTO ABUSE RESEARCH TEAM
- Publisher:
- University of Glamorgan
- Publication year:
- 2013
- Pagination:
- 118
A participatory research project which aimed to develop better ways for people with learning disabilities to find support after being abused and to prevent abuse. The research questions asked were: What do people with learning disabilties understand by abuse?; what are their views about abuse?; What help and support do they need to keep safe?; and what is the best way to help someone who has been abused? The study also wanted to learn more about how participatory research could work effectively. For the first part of the study, data were gathered from people with learning disabilities in Wales by means of individual interviews (n= 14), focus groups (47 people in 7 groups) and questionnaires (n=107). Data indicated that participants were aware of a range of different types of abuse and aware of the negative effects it can have on people but whilst they can identify strategies that could help to keep people safe and support them if they are abused, there seems to be a lack of education regarding personal safety issues. In addition they do not always feel that they are listened to and/ or believed. The study also identified important issues to consider when undertaking participatory research. These included: building and maintaining relationships, issues relating to how people are employed, practical issues such as money and accessibility and time. (Original abstract)
Using medication to manage behaviour problems among adults with a learning disability: quick reference guide
- Authors:
- DEB Shoumitro, CLARKE David, UNWIN Gemma
- Publisher:
- University of Birmingham
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 43p.
- Place of publication:
- Birmingham
This quick reference guide has been produced to provide advice to people who are considering prescribing medication to manage behaviour problems among adults (aged 18 years and over) with a learning disability. It does not consider in any detail the indications for choosing specific medication to manage behaviour problems among adults with a learning disability. Rather, it provides recommendations for clinical practice surrounding the use of medication to manage behaviour problems among adults with a learning disability. All relevant medication and related issues are considered. The guide is divided into the following sections: initiation of treatment (assessment, formulation, and treatment plan); monitoring of treatment; discontinuation of treatment; high-dose medication; poly-prescribing; intramuscular (IM) medication; rapid tranquilisation; as required (PRN) prescribing; communication and information sharing; interdisciplinary working; consent and capacity; and the referral pathway.
Nobody made the connection: the prevalence of neurodisability in young people who offend
- Authors:
- HUGHES Nathan, et al
- Publisher:
- Office of the Children's Commissioner
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 72p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Childhood neurodisability occurs when there is a compromise of the central or peripheral nervous system due to genetic, pre-birth or birth trauma, and/or injury or illness in childhood. This incorporates a wide range of specific neurodevelopmental disorders or conditions. This report presents a review of published evidence in relation to the following research questions: what is the prevalence of various neurodevelopmental disorders amongst young people within the youth justice system secure estate; and what are the key issues for policy and practice associated with these levels of prevalence? The review found that many young people currently in secure settings in England have undiagnosed neurodevelopmental conditions which have directly contributed to their offending behaviour. The report has several key audiences, from national government departments and bodies, to local strategic partnerships and agency leads, to practitioners working with young people with potential neurodevelopmental difficulties.
Providing quality assurance of housing associations’ services
- Author:
- HOWELLS Katherine
- Journal article citation:
- Llais, 104, Autumn 2012, pp.19-20.
- Publisher:
- Learning Disability Wales
In December 2011, a new regulatory framework for housing associations was introduced by the Welsh Government. The principle aim of the framework is to ‘ensure that housing associations provide good quality services to tenants’. First Choice Housing Association provides homes for individuals with learning disabilities in Wales and Shropshire. This article describes how First Choice, in readiness for assessment by the Welsh Government, worked with a Quality Assurance Officer to gain meaningful feedback from its tenants to improve the services delivered to them. First Choice had previously used traditional satisfaction questionnaires and surveys. In order to gain honest feedback and to reach tenants who may traditionally not be involved in tenant participation work, the services were engaged of an independent Quality Assurance Officer. The Quality Assurance Officer visited a total of 28 (20%) of tenants homes. Issues raised in these interviews included parking, maintenance issues, and antisocial behaviour. The responses increased the association’s understanding of the barriers that tenants face and enabled them to address individual concerns.