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As if living like others: an idealisation of life in group homes for people with intellectual disability
- Author:
- BJORNE Petra
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 45(4), 2020, pp.337-343.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: People with Intellectual Disability (ID) in Sweden should be enabled to live like others. This life like others is realised in group homes that have little in common with the typical home. Method: A reading of Appiah’s As if is used to discuss how people with ID are supported in Sweden. Current national data are presented within the framework of idealisation, the use of (useful) untruths to navigate a complex context. Results: Small group homes should allow people with ID to communicate their preferences and exert real influence over how support is provided. Instead, times of budget austerity require the efficient use of resources in ever larger settings, where normalisation of deviance is prevalent. Conclusions: Although the stated aim is that people with ID live like others, the idealisation is rather that they live as if they live like others. This is generally not discussed, possibly due to de-differentiation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Passing laws is not enough to change staff practice: The case of legally mandated “incident” reporting in Sweden
- Authors:
- BJORNE Petra, DEVEAU Roy, NYLANDER Lena
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 46(2), 2021, pp.186-196.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: It is mandatory for staff in Swedish community services for people with intellectual disabilities to report incidents of error or malpractice. Aim: The aim is to study if incident reports contribute to developing quality in services for people with intellectual disabilities who present with challenging behaviours. Method: 159 reports on incidents from group homes and daily activities services were accessed and analysed using narrative thematic analysis. Results: Most reports concerned altercations between service users. Analysis focused mainly on the immediate incident and attributes of service users. Amendments were not (obviously) aligned with causes, and neither sufficiently addressed structural shortcomings. Restrictive measures were described, but changes in practices were not mentioned. Reports including Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) were conspicuously absent. Conclusion: Reports are handled in a seemingly perfunctory manner, without any development. Quality development relying on staff reports and front-line managers’ investigations requires support based on values rather than on the legal framework. (Edited publisher abstract)
Changes in living conditions of people with ID: a follow-up after 16 years
- Author:
- CARLSSON Oie Umb
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 18(2), 2021, pp.78-88.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The Swedish disability policy has an ambition that people with disabilities should have the possibility to live like everyone else in the community. A study in 2001 described living conditions of people with ID born 1959–1974 in Uppsala County as compared to the general population in the same age group. The results showed differences between the two groups, particularly regarding employment, finances, and social life. Specific Aims: The aim of the present study were to explore changes in living conditions of a group of people with ID in a 16-year perspective and to compare the outcomes with changes in living conditions of the general population in corresponding age groups. Methods: Information on the living conditions of people with ID for 40 persons who participated in the study 2001 was obtained through proxy reports at 2001 and 2017. National welfare statistics were used to obtain data on the general population. The study focus objective living conditions selected by people with ID including housing, occupation, finances, recreational and cultural activities, family and social relations, society participation, and personal safety. Findings: The results showed clear differences in living conditions to the disadvantage of the sample of people with ID. However, no differences related to gender and level of functional limitations were identified within the study group. Discussion: Even if the study sample is small, the study makes an important contribution to the body of existing literature because knowledge is insufficient on changes over time regarding the living conditions of people with ID in community-based residences. Such knowledge is necessary to identify patterns of equality and inequality and illustrate to what extent people with ID share welfare benefits over time. (Edited publisher abstract)
Psychiatric diagnoses in relation to severity of intellectual disability and challenging behaviors: a register study among older people
- Authors:
- AXMON A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(10), 2018, pp.1344-1350.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: To investigate the possible association between severity of intellectual disability (ID) and presence of challenging behaviour, respectively, on diagnoses of psychiatric disorders among older people with ID. Methods: People with a diagnosis of ID in inpatient or specialist outpatient care in 2002–2012 were identified (n = 2147; 611 with mild ID, 285 with moderate ID, 255 with severe or profound ID, and 996 with other/unspecified ID). Moreover, using impairment of behaviour as a proxy for challenging behaviour, 627 people with, and 1514 without such behaviour were identified. Results: Severe/profound ID was associated with lower odds of diagnoses of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders than was mild/moderate ID. People with moderate ID had higher odds than those with mild ID of having diagnoses of affective disorders. Diagnoses of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders, and dementia were more common among people with challenging behaviour than among those without. Conclusions: People with severe/profound ID had lower odds of receiving psychiatric diagnoses than those with mild and moderate ID. Whether this is a result of differences in prevalence of disorders or diagnostic difficulties is unknown. Further, challenging behaviours were associated with diagnoses of psychiatric disorders. However, the nature of this association remains unclear. (Edited publisher abstract)
Models of support for people with learning disabilities post-secondary school
- Author:
- MURPHY Eoin
- Publisher:
- Northern Ireland Assembly. Research and Information Service
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 30
- Place of publication:
- Belfast
This paper provides a general overview of the approach taken by the countries of Scotland, Sweden, Canada and the USA in supporting people with learning disabilities and Special Education Needs (SEN) who have completed secondary education. The countries were selected as examples of some of the most advanced in the way in which they provide support for people with learning disability who wish to continue their education or enter training or employment. The paper was produced for the Committee of Employment and Learning as part of its inquiry into post Special Educational Need provision in education, employment and training for those with Learning Disabilities. (Original abstract)