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A critical comparison of welfare states and their relevance to people with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- de CHENU Linda, DAEHLEN Dag, TAH Jude
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 20(4), 2016, pp.397-415.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article compares the welfare services for adults with an intellectual disability in three European countries: England, Norway and Sweden. The purpose of the comparison is to develop an understanding of the welfare state and institutional contexts of the country-specific policies and to develop a critical analysis through a comparative method based on selected secondary literature. Typological frameworks of European welfare states are applied as analytic frameworks to enable comparison between the countries. It is argued that there are international policy developments but these are shaped at a national level by different types of welfare states and histories. Through a comparison of similarities and differences, the article suggests that international policy ideas that impact on the lives of people with intellectual disabilities are mediated by different types of welfare states and institutions.
Significance of friendship for quality of life in adolescents with mild intellectual disability: a parental perspective
- Author:
- SIGSTAD Hanne Marie Hoybraten
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 41(4), 2016, pp.289-298.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: The present study examined how parents assess the significance of friendship for quality of life in adolescents with mild intellectual disability. Method The study was based on qualitative semistructured interviews with 6 mothers. A thematic structural analysis was used to identify the themes. Results: The mothers compared their children with typically developing peers to examine to what extent their children’s relationships were working optimally. Social support and a better understanding of friendship were found to be essential conditions for establishing friendship. Development of independence and a sense of belonging with others were factors that were reported to be highly important in determining quality of life outcomes for their adolescent children. Conclusions: From a parental view, friendship in adolescents with mild intellectual disability seems to be highly important for their quality of life in the long term. However, well-functioning and lasting friendship for this group of people appears to require substantially more effort for their parents than for typically developing offspring. (Publisher abstract)
Factors associated with the amount of public home care received by elderly and intellectually disabled individuals in a large Norwegian municipality
- Authors:
- DOHL Oystein, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 24(3), 2016, pp.297-308.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study reports an analysis of factors associated with home care use in a setting in which long-term care services are provided within a publicly financed welfare system. The study considered two groups of home care recipients: elderly individuals and intellectually disabled individuals. Routinely collected data on users of public home care in the municipality of Trondheim in October 2012, including 2493 people aged 67 years or older and 270 intellectually disabled people, were used. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between the time spent in direct contact with recipients by public healthcare personnel and perceived individual determinants of home care use (i.e. physical disability, cognitive impairment, diagnoses, age and gender, as well as socioeconomic characteristics). Physical disability and cognitive impairment are routinely registered for long-term care users through a standardised instrument that is used in all Norwegian municipalities. Factor analysis was used to aggregate the individual items into composite variables that were included as need variables. Both physical disability and cognitive impairment were strong predictors of the amount of received care for both elderly and intellectually disabled individuals. The study identified a negative interaction effect between physical disability and cognitive impairment for elderly home care users. For elderly individuals, results also found significant positive associations between weekly hours of home care and having comorbidity, living alone, living in a service flat and having a safety alarm. The reduction in the amount of care for elderly individuals living with a cohabitant was substantially greater for males than for females. For intellectually disabled individuals, receiving services involuntarily due to severe behavioural problems was a strong predictor of the amount of care received. The analysis showed that routinely collected data capture important predictors of home care use and thus facilitate both short-term budgeting and long-term planning of home care services. (Edited publisher abstract)