Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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People with intellectual disabilities’ experiences of psychological therapy: a systematic review and meta-ethnography
- Authors:
- EVANS Lauren, RANDLE-PHILLPS Cathy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 24(2), 2020, p.233–252.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
The effectiveness of a range of psychological models adapted for use with people with intellectual disabilities has been well documented. A number of studies have used qualitative methods to examine people with intellectual disabilities’ experiences of these adapted interventions. Such research is important for identifying service users’ views on the helpful and challenging aspects of psychological interventions to ensure that they meet the needs of people with intellectual disabilities. To consolidate this research, a systematic review using a meta-ethnographic approach was undertaken. A systematic search identified 16 relevant studies. These studies were reviewed, critically appraised and key themes were extracted. Five key concepts were identified: adapting to therapy, the therapeutic environment, group dynamics, the therapeutic relationship and the impact of therapy on life. The need for further consideration of power differentials within the therapeutic relationship and further adaptations to ensure accessibility of therapy for people with intellectual disabilities is discussed. (Publisher abstract)
The association between employment and the health of people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
- Authors:
- ROBERTSON Janet, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(6), 2019, pp.1335-1348.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: There is strong evidence indicating that paid employment is generally good for the physical and mental health of the general population. This systematic review considers the association between employment and the health of people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Studies published from 1990 to 2018 were identified via electronic literature databases, email requests and cross‐citations. Identified studies were reviewed narratively. Results: Twelve studies were identified. Studies were generally consistent in reporting an association between being in paid employment and better physical or mental health status. Conclusions: This review supports the view that the well‐established association between employment and better health is similar for adults with and without intellectual disabilities. However, evidence establishing causality is lacking and further research to determine specific health benefits attributable to employment for people with intellectual disabilities and the causal pathways that operate is required. (Publisher abstract)
Gender differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
- Authors:
- WESTROP Sophie C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(6), 2019, pp.1359-1374.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities are reported to be highly inactive, with research required to understand contributory factors. This systematic review aimed to investigate gender differences in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: This systematic review was reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched up to, and including, January 2018. Screening identified papers that assessed gender‐specific PA and/or SB outcomes in adults with intellectual disabilities. Data were synthesized using a narrative synthesis and random effects model meta‐analyses. Results: Twenty‐six papers were included; 25 measured PA, and eight assessed SB. Women with intellectual disabilities were least active with a significant overall effect of gender identified. For SB, no consistent gender differences were found. Conclusions: Reflecting the general population, men with intellectual disabilities were most active. Intellectual disability research should consider the role of gender to inform future interventions targeting inactivity. (Publisher abstract)
The palliative care needs of adults with intellectual disabilities and their access to palliative care services: a systematic review
- Authors:
- ADAM Emily, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Palliative Medicine, 34(8), 2020, pp.1006-1018.
- Publisher:
- Hodder Arnold
Background:: There is evidence that people with intellectual disabilities experience healthcare inequalities, including access to specialist palliative care, but to date, there has not been a systematic review of empirical evidence. Aim: To identify the palliative care needs of adults with intellectual disabilities and the barriers and facilitators they face in accessing palliative care. Design: Systematic review using a narrative synthesis approach (International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42019138974). Data sources: Five databases were searched in June 2019 (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane library and CINAHL) along with hand searches and a search of the grey literature. All study designs were included. Results: A total of 52 studies were identified, all of which were conducted in high-income countries, the majority in the United Kingdom (n = 28). From a total of 2970 participants across all studies, only 1% were people with intellectual disabilities and 1.3% were family members; the majority (97%) were health/social care professionals. Identified needs included physical needs, psychosocial and spiritual needs, and information and communication needs. Barriers and facilitators were associated with education (e.g. staff knowledge, training and experience), communication (e.g. staff skill in assessing and addressing needs of people with communication difficulties), collaboration (e.g. importance of sustained multidisciplinary approach) and health and social care delivery (e.g. staffing levels, funding and management support). Conclusion: This review highlights the specific problems in providing equitable palliative care for adults with intellectual disabilities, but there is a lack of research into strategies to improve practice. This should be prioritised using methods that include people with intellectual disabilities and families. (Edited publisher abstract)
Third‐wave therapies and adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
- Authors:
- PATTERSON Christopher Wynne, WILLIAMS Jonathan, JONES Robert
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(6), 2019, pp.1295-1309.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Third‐wave therapies appear to produce positive outcomes for people without intellectual disabilities. This systematic review aimed to establish which third‐wave therapies have been adapted for adults with intellectual disabilities and whether they produced positive outcomes. Method: Four databases were searched systematically (PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE and PubMed), yielding 1,395 results. Twenty studies (N = 109) met the present review's inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: Included studies used mindfulness‐based approaches, dialectical behaviour therapy, compassion focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Due to considerable heterogeneity in the designs and outcome measures used, a meta‐analysis was not possible. Conclusions: Evidence indicated that third‐wave therapies improved mental health symptoms for some and improved challenging/offending behaviour, smoking and mindfulness/acceptance skills for most. These findings must be interpreted with caution due to the low methodological quality of included studies. Future research should build on the current evidence base, using scientifically rigorous designs and standardized measures. (Publisher abstract)
How parents describe the positive aspects of parenting their child who has intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
- Authors:
- BEIGHTON Carole, WILLS Jane
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(5), 2019, pp.1255-1279.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Identifying what parents describe to be positive about parenting their child who has intellectual disabilities is important for professional practice and how parents can be supported over a lifespan. Methods: Studies in which parents describe the positive aspects of parenting their child with intellectual disabilities were identified via electronic databases searches and analysed in a narrative synthesis. Results: Twenty‐two studies were included. Consistent themes emerged relating to positive change, increased personal strength, growth and development largely related to parental intrapersonal orientation. Several studies emphasized that the presence of growth or positive change does not imply the absence of distress. Conclusions: Positive aspects are not consistently defined and measured differently across studies. Consistent themes are described variously attributed to theories relating to coping, adaptation or growth following adversity; however, no single theoretical framework emerged. Factors likely to predict a parent's ability to identify positive aspects are inconclusive. (Edited publisher abstract)
The relationship between emotional recognition ability and challenging behaviour in adults with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- DAVIES Bronwen, FRUDE Neil, jENKINS Rosemary
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 19(4), 2015, pp.393-406.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This review questions whether a relationship exists between emotional recognition ability and challenging behaviour in people with an intellectual disability. A search was completed of a number of databases to identify relevant articles, and these were then evaluated against defined criteria. Eight articles were reviewed and their aims, study methodology, samples, measurement tools and findings are discussed and evaluated. Overall, studies found no significant deficit in the emotional recognition abilities of those with challenging behaviour when they were asked to identify the emotions of others. Two areas for further investigation were identified. Firstly, to ascertain whether a bias for identifying anger or sadness is found in those with challenging behaviour, and secondly, to understand the role of context in recognition of emotions and the degree to which this is different in those who present with challenging behaviour. A critique relating to the research is provided and suggested clinical and research implications are put forward. (Publisher abstract)
What do we know about the health and health care of people with intellectual disabilities from minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom? A systematic review
- Authors:
- ROBERTSON Janet, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(6), 2019, pp.1310-1334.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: People with from minority ethnic communities face inequalities in health and health care. This systematic review considers the question of what is known about the health and health care of children and adults with intellectual disabilities from ethnic minority communities in the UK. Method: Studies published from 1990 to 2018 were identified via electronic literature databases, email requests and cross‐citations. Studies were reviewed narratively in relation to identified themes. Results: Twenty‐three studies were identified, most commonly focusing on South Asian communities. Very little information was identified on physical health or physical health care, with the identified evidence tending to focus on mental health care, access to specialist intellectual disability services, and inpatient services. Conclusion: Little is known about the health status of people with intellectual disabilities from minority ethnic groups in the UK. It is clear that they may experience barriers to accessing specialist intellectual disability services and other forms of health care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Transition from school to adult services for young people with severe or profound intellectual disability: a systematic review utilizing framework synthesis
- Authors:
- JACOBS Paula, MacMAHON Kenneth, QUAYLE Ethel
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(6), 2018, pp.962-982.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The transition to adulthood has been described as a difficult time in the lives of young people with intellectual disability. There has been little emphasis on young people with severe or profound intellectual disability specifically, even though their pathways may differ, due to greater support needs across the life course. Methods: A systematic review was conducted utilising Bronfenbrenner's ecological model to inform framework analysis to synthesise qualitative findings.Results: Taking an ecological perspective proved valuable. The transition process was described as stressful and barriers were identified across the ecological levels. Parents accounted for the majority of participants in studies, and the needs of young people and their parents emerged as highly interdependent.Conclusion: Themes reflect the complex nature of the question what adulthood should look like for individuals with severe or profound intellectual disability. There is a lack of involvement of multiple stakeholders and young people themselves within studies. (Publisher abstract)
Self directed support and people with learning disabilities: a review of the published research evidence
- Authors:
- HARKES Mary Anne, BROWN Michael, HORSBURGH Dorothy
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(2), 2014, pp.87-101.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
A systematic literature review was undertaken to determine the evidence base underpinning the strategy of Self Directed Support and whether evidence demonstrates that this policy is accessible to everyone with a learning disability. It also sought to identify whether there were any barriers to Self Directed Support for people with severe or profound learning disabilities and, if so, how these barriers could be overcome. Four mixed-method research papers, two quantitative studies, seven qualitative studies and four literature reviews were identified. The findings indicated that very few studies pertain specifically to people with learning disabilities, and little account has been taken of their range of ability or the distinction between adults with legal capacity and those without. It is evident from the literature that Self Directed Support is not, as yet, attainable for everyone with a learning disability but those able to access it have reported an improvement in their quality of life. There is a need for further research to determine the extent of awareness and understanding of the policy of Self Directed Support, and the implications it will have on the future care of people with a wide range of learning disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)