Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 27
Positive group psychotherapy modified for adults with intellectual disabilities
- Author:
- TOMASULO Daniel J
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(4), 2014, pp.337-350.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Mental health problems are more prevalent among people with intellectual disabilities than in the general population. There is mounting evidence to show that adults with a dual diagnosis can find help through group therapy and have more productive and meaningful lives with improved relationships. This article focuses on a review of evidence for interactive behavioural therapy, a widely used model of group psychotherapy for people with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems, and reviews the modifications drawn from the field of positive psychology and positive psychotherapy being incorporated into the model. A sample of a modified positive intervention, the virtual gratitude visit, is explained and suggestions for future research are given. (Edited publisher abstract)
Experiences of people with learning disabilities in the criminal justice system
- Authors:
- HYUN Elly, HAHN Lyndsey, McCONNELL David
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(4), 2014, pp.308-314.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this review is to synthesise findings from research about the experiences of people with learning disabilities who have faced arrest and jail time. After an extensive search of the literature, four relevant articles were found. The first-person accounts presented in these four studies were pooled, and a thematic analysis was undertaken. Three common themes were identified: (i) study participants did not understand what was happening to them, or why, (ii) they felt alone, and they did not know where to turn, or to whom for support and (iii) they were uncertain about what to say or do. Overall, the findings raise concerns about the treatment of people with learning disabilities in the criminal justice system and their access to procedural justice. Further research is needed to improve understanding of their experiences and support needs. There is unequivocal evidence that persons with learning disabilities are over-represented in the prison population. To date however, few studies have investigated their first-hand experience, including their experiences of being interrogated, of standing trial, serving time and transitioning back into the community. The purpose of this review is to draw what insights we can from the limited available data and to identify directions for future research. (Publisher abstract)
Health disparities of adults with intellectual disabilities: what do we know? What do we do?
- Authors:
- KRAHN Gloria L., FOX Michael H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(5), 2014, pp.431-446.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Building on historical context, the paper summarises what is known about health disparities from reports and research and provides direction on what to do to reduce these disparities among adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: The present authors examined literature from 2002 to 2011 on health disparities and people with disabilities looking for broad themes on documenting disparities and on research approaches and methods. Results: Multiple countries published reports on health of people with intellectual disabilities. Researchers summarized existing research within a health disparities framework. A number of promising methodologies are identified such as health services research, health indicators, enhanced surveillance and mixed-methods. Conclusions: Strategies to reduce health disparities include use of data to educate decision makers, attention to social determinants and a life-course model and emphasis on leveraging inclusion in mainstream services where possible. (Edited publisher abstract)
'A counterfeit friendship': mate crime and people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- LANDMAN Roderick Andrew
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 16(6), 2014, pp.355-366.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Offers an introduction to the recently recognised phenomenon of 'mate crime' as it affects people with learning disabilities. It looks at how concerns arose, considers what may make people with learning disabilities particularly susceptible, and proposes a provisional definition of “mate crime”. Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws on the author's own project work, and reviews the extant research literature on 'disablist' hate crime to examine the extent to which so-called “mate crime” has been both explicitly and implicitly identified and analysed in the literature. Findings: The literature review indicates that 'mate crime' has not been explicitly identified in any scholarly research to date, either under that or any other name. Crimes that we might label as 'mate crimes' have, however, appeared in more general literature concerning the experiences of people with disabilities in general, and as victims of crime. Social implications: Despite a lack of firm data there is sufficient in the literature, combined with increasing anecdotal evidence and case studies, to suggest that people with learning disabilities are particularly susceptible to 'mate crime', and are being targeted by perpetrators. Increasing independence and reduced service provision are likely to increase the risks. The author argues that mate crime differs significantly from other manifestations of hate crime and abuse, and needs to be conceptualised, analysed and handled differently. (Edited publisher abstract)
Spirituality and learning disability: a review of UK Government guidance
- Authors:
- SANGO Precious Nonye, FORRESTER-JONES Rachel
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 19(4), 2014, pp.170-177.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Despite spirituality being a key aspect of quality of life, it appears to remain a low-priority area for social and health care government policy. This review identifies and describes what UK policy says about spirituality in relation to the care of people with learning disabilities (LD). A systematic policy review using three websites: legislation.gov.uk; Department of Health and Directgov (now known as gov.uk) was carried out. A total of 43 policy documents relevant to care provision of people with learning disabilities were identified; only six of these mentioned spirituality, faith or religion in relation to people with LD. In these six documents, four themes are identified and described: human rights; discrimination and equality; inclusion (or participation in community and faith group activities) and need. The review identified policy gaps and a general lack of government directives in relation to the spiritual care of people with LD. Whilst research in this area is gathering momentum, practical implementation which makes a real difference to the spiritual experiences of people with LD appears to be sparse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Aggressive behaviour and its prevalence within five typologies
- Authors:
- CROTTY Gerard, DOODY Owen, LYONS Rosemary
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), 2014, pp.76-89.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Crucial to understanding an individual, presenting with intellectual disability and the management of their challenging behaviours, is the knowledge of the types of those specific behaviours. The term aggressive behaviour is a universal term that embraces many aspects of behaviour that vary in terms of severity, frequency and seriousness for the individual and those around them. Hence, greater consideration regarding intervention, management, person-centred strategies and prevalence and frequency rates are required in service provision for individuals with intellectual disability and aggressive behaviour. This review presents the context of aggressive behaviour and its prevalence within the five typologies of aggressive behaviour: verbal aggression, aggression against others, sexually inappropriate behaviour, self-injurious behaviour and aggression against property, as identified by Crocker et al. (2007). The focus of this review is to report on the prevalence of aggressive behaviour reported for individuals with intellectual disability and consider the ambiguity in defining aggressive behaviour. (Publisher abstract)
Advancing social inclusion in the neighbourhood for people with an intellectual disability: an exploration of the literature
- Authors:
- OVERMARS-MARX Tessa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 29(2), 2014, pp.255-274.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The shift from segregated facilities to community settings did not automatically lead to social inclusion for people with an intellectual disability (ID). Policies are increasingly decentralized but little is known about the factors that are important to realize social inclusion in the neighbourhood. This literature study identifies five domains barriers and facilitators for social inclusion in the neighbourhood: individual characteristics, informal network, professional care, neighbourhood characteristics, and government policies. The findings suggest that social inclusion in the neighbourhood is a dynamic process that shows a series of complex interactions between environmental factors and personal characteristics to provide opportunities for people with an ID. It is recommended to include the perspectives of people with an ID and other neighbourhood residents in future research on social inclusion. Specific attention is needed for the role of neighbourhood social capital in achieving social inclusion in the neighbourhood. (Publisher abstract)
"Advocacy is for the people": research into the impact of independent advocacy on the lives of older people
- Author:
- BOCIOAGA Andreea
- Publisher:
- Scottish Independent Advocacy Alliance
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- ii, 35
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
This report aims to investigate the impact of independent advocacy on the lives of older advocacy partners. The study is based on qualitative data and it explores people’s perspectives of advocacy. 13 interviews were conducted at 7 different advocacy organisations across Scotland. The findings, which draw on interviews with the advocacy partners and previous literature, suggest that: advocacy can help older people maintain their independence – the support participants had accessed helped them to regain control over their own lives and situations, either by finding new accommodation, making complaints or dealing with the services around them; advocacy can help older people access relevant information and address any power imbalance - participants credited advocacy with helping them access the information they needed in order to make informed choices, challenge the status quo and achieve their goals; advocacy helps safeguard the rights of older people; for those older people suffering from a (perceived or actual) physical or cognitive impairment advocacy can offer vital support when dealing with official matters - some of the participants reported on how their advocate helped them make sense of official documents and ensured that their views were heard when raising an issue with statutory or non-statutory agencies or when making a complaint; advocacy makes the advocacy partners feel valued and listened to, improved their confidence and contributed to reduced stress when dealing with difficult issues. (Edited publisher abstract)
Early intervention for children with learning disabilities whose behaviours challenge
- Authors:
- COOPER Vivien, et al
- Publisher:
- Challenging Behaviour Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 15
- Place of publication:
- Chatham
Drawing on evidence from systematic reviews, meta analyses, narrative reviews, primary research and national data collections, this narrative review sets out the available evidence around early intervention approaches for children with learning disabilities whose behaviours challenge. It identifies the following early interventions: early behavioural interventions; training and support for families; early identification and rapid response; and positive behavioural support. It also recommends key areas of action to help commissioners proactively target resources to deliver good outcomes. The report from part of the Early Intervention Project, delivered in partnership by the Challenging Behaviour Foundation and the Council for Disabled Children. Key messages (Edited publisher abstract)
Early intervention for children with learning disabilities: making use of what we know
- Authors:
- GORE Nick, HASTING Richard, BRADY Serena
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 19(4), 2014, pp.181-189.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Drawing on existing literature regarding rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties together with risk factors, the authors present a rationale for increasing initiatives for early intervention of emotional and behaviour difficulties. The study finds rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties amongst children with learning and developmental difficulties are high. A combination of factors relating to the child, the family system, and wider social contexts is likely to account for this. Increased attempts to provide early intervention to children with learning and developmental disabilities together with their families are warranted. Recommendations are made regarding how the development of such supports might best be taken forward. (Edited publisher abstract)