Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 6 of 6
Nobody made the connection: the prevalence of neurodisability in young people who offend
- Authors:
- HUGHES Nathan, et al
- Publisher:
- Office of the Children's Commissioner
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 72p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Childhood neurodisability occurs when there is a compromise of the central or peripheral nervous system due to genetic, pre-birth or birth trauma, and/or injury or illness in childhood. This incorporates a wide range of specific neurodevelopmental disorders or conditions. This report presents a review of published evidence in relation to the following research questions: what is the prevalence of various neurodevelopmental disorders amongst young people within the youth justice system secure estate; and what are the key issues for policy and practice associated with these levels of prevalence? The review found that many young people currently in secure settings in England have undiagnosed neurodevelopmental conditions which have directly contributed to their offending behaviour. The report has several key audiences, from national government departments and bodies, to local strategic partnerships and agency leads, to practitioners working with young people with potential neurodevelopmental difficulties.
Inclusion under the Mental Capacity Act (2005): a review of research policy guidance and governance structures in England and Wales
- Authors:
- RYAN Hayley, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Health Expectations, 24(1), 2021, pp.152-164. Online only
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: To investigate how people with communication and understanding difficulties, associated with conditions such as dementia, autism and intellectual disability, are represented in research guidance supplementary to the Mental Capacity Act (MCA: 2005) in England and Wales. Methods: A documentary survey was conducted. The sample comprised the MCA Code of Practice (CoP: 2007) and 14 multi‐authored advisory documents that were publicly available on the Health Research Authority website. Textual review of key words was conducted followed by summative content analysis. Results: Representation of people with communication and understanding difficulties was confined to procedural information and position statements that focused mainly on risk management and protection. Whilst a need to engage potential participants was recognized, guidance provided was imprecise. Conclusions: Tensions exist between the protection versus empowerment of people with communication and understanding difficulties in research. The development of structured, evidence‐based guidance is indicated. Patient or public contribution: People with communication and understanding difficulties and carers participated in a working group to explore, discuss and interpret the findings. (Edited publisher abstract)
A critical review of current police training and policy for autism spectrum disorder
- Author:
- HEPWORTH Diana
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 8(4), 2017, pp.212-222.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically review the current police training and criminal justice policy regarding the treatment of suspects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the initial stages of the criminal justice system (CJS), and provide potential policy reform and areas for further research. Design/methodology/approach: By reviewing extant literature, research and policy documents, this paper provides a critical review of the current policy and training for dealing with suspects with ASD in the current CJS in England and Wales for suspects with ASD. Findings: This paper proposes that current policy and police staff training is insufficient during all initial stages of the criminal justice process. Although there are emerging policies and schemes which are promising, they require further research and national participation. Policy reform and improved training is required to ensure minimal opportunities for miscarriages of justice to those individuals with ASD. Originality/value: This paper provides a chronological journey through the initial stages of the CJS in England and Wales for a suspect with ASD, and the challenges that they may face. Suggestions are made based on criminological and psychological research to remedy the potential opportunities for miscarriages of justice. (Publisher abstract)
Use of the Mental Health Act in children and young people with a intellectual disability
- Author:
- RIPPON Lisa
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), 2013, pp.82-87.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Drawing on relevant literature, legislation and guidance, this article summaries the legislation in place within England and Wales concerning the care and treatment of children and young people with an intellectual disability. It also provides a brief outline of the equivalent law in Scotland. It seeks to describe how the age of a young person will determine which piece of legislation should be used to ensure an admission into an inpatient Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit will be lawful. It also seeks to consider the role of those with parental responsibility in the decision-making progress and discuss which components of a proposed treatment plan they would or would not be able to consent to on behalf of those children and young people in their care. The results found legislation governing the admission and treatment of children and adolescents with an intellectual disability to be complex. All clinicians working with those under the age of 18 should have knowledge of the relevant legislation to ensure that the rights of children and young people are upheld. (Edited publisher abstract)
Understanding and treating offenders with learning disabilities: a review of recent developments
- Authors:
- TAYLOR John L., LINDSAY William R.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 1(1), April 2010, pp.5-16.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This narrative review first presents and discusses recent developments relating to offenders with learning disabilities, looks at the historical association between crime and low intelligence, and then investigates the evidence concerning the prevalence of offending by people with learning disabilities, and their recidivism rates. The authors summarise research concerning service pathways for this population, and outline progress in the development of actuarial, dynamic and clinical assessments of the future risk of offending. Secondly, the paper focuses on a review of the evidence for, and recent developments in, the treatment of offending behaviour (anger and aggression, sexual offending and fire-setting), utilising broadly cognitive behaviourally-based approaches. Finally, the authors propose future directions for research and practice innovation.
How do health and social care professionals in England and Wales assess mental capacity? A literature review.
- Authors:
- JAYES Mark, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, early cite 10 February 2019,
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Purpose: To review evidence describing how health and social care professionals in England and Wales assess mental capacity, in order to identify ways to improve practice. Methods: A systematised literature review was completed. Electronic databases of published medical, health and social care research and gray literature were searched. Journal articles and research reports published between 2007 and 2018 were included if they met predefined eligibility criteria. Evidence from included studies was synthesised using thematic analysis. Results: 20 studies of variable methodological quality were included. The studies described assessments carried out by a range of multidisciplinary professionals working with different groups of service users in diverse care contexts. Four main themes were identified: preparation for assessment; capacity assessment processes; supported decision-making; interventions to facilitate or improve practice. There was a lack of detailed information describing how professionals provided information to service users and tested their decision-making abilities. Practice reported in studies varied in terms of its conformity to legal requirements. Conclusions: This review synthesised evidence about mental capacity assessment methods and quality in England and Wales and analysed it to suggest ways in which practice might be improved. (Edited publisher abstract)