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Patterns of culture and power after 'The Great Release': the history of movements of subculture and empowerment among Danish people with learning difficulties
- Author:
- BYLOV Frank
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(3), September 2006, pp.139-145.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article discusses the history of self-advocacy in Denmark. It also gives some information about how services for people with learning difficulties in Denmark have changed over the past 100 years. The author discusses the different types of self-advocacy groups that have grown in Denmark. He describes how these movements have developed in 'generations'. Three 'generations' are identified: movements of cultural role transgression; movements of self-advocacy; and movements of political empowerment. The author draws on theory to help explain some of the developments that self-advocacy groups in Denmark have been through during their history.
Forensic intellectual disability services: differences in staff perspectives in the Danish and Norwegian systems
- Authors:
- NYHUS Eskil, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 12(2), 2021, pp.75-83.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) who offend are treated differently depending on the national jurisdiction. Norway and Denmark are two such examples. The differences in care models may also have an impact on staff perspectives. This paper aims to study the differences between Norwegian and Danish staff members within secure forensic ID services. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study involving Norwegian (n = 145) and Danish staff (n = 279) in secure forensic learning disabilities services was conducted. The response rates were 50% in Denmark (n = 147) and 69% in Norway (n = 98), respectively. An electronic survey covering five sets of topics (demographic characteristics, working conditions, workplace culture, work motivation and work resilience) was used. The findings was statistically analysed using SPSS. Findings: This study confirmed that staff in the two neighbouring countries have common conceptions of their employment. Danish staff were more exposed to violent incidents (t = 4.1(237); p < 0.001). There was greater concern with workplace safety in Denmark (t = 5.2(237); p < 0.001) compared to more team-based and rigid working conditions in Norway (t = −2.6(237); p < 0.01). Originality/value: These differences are discussed in relation to some important national differences in a professional culture, educational systems, service organisation and legal issues that possibly add realistic explanations to the findings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sheltered employment in five member states of the Council of Europe: Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland
- Authors:
- SAMOY Erik, WATERPLAS Lina
- Publisher:
- Council of Europe
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 67p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Strasbourg
Comparative study looking at the situation of sheltered employment in the twelve Member States of the European Union. The data for each country is grouped under the following headings: institutional context; target population; access to sheltered employment; characteristics of the people in sheltered employment; and a discussion of the topics currently under debate around sheltered employment in each country.
The awakening
- Author:
- JOHNSON Ian
- Journal article citation:
- Care Weekly, 17.11.94, 1994, pp.12-13.
Describes how facilitated communication allowed people with severe learning disabilities in a residential home in Denmark to gain more influence over their daily lives.
Violent crime against children with disabilities: a nationwide prospective birth cohort-study
- Author:
- CHRISTOFFERSEN Mogens Nygaard
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 98, 2019, p.104150.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: The rate of violent victimisation against children with disabilities is thought to be lower than the rate for children without disabilities but several studies shows otherwise. Objective: The study focuses on examining violent crime against children with disabilities and explaining differences in victimisation, in order to elucidate to what extent types of disability, family disadvantages, gender, high-risk behaviour, location and indicator of ethnic minority (e.g. non-Danish citizens) influence adolescents’ risk of violent victimisation. Previous population studies in this area lack scientifically sound research methodology and results are weak or inconclusive. Method: Data is based on a national study of reported violent crime against children in Denmark aged between 7 and 18 years, using total birth cohorts (N = 678,000). Data on types of disability were collected from the Danish national inpatient register. Violent-crime data were extracted from Danish police records. Within the birth cohorts studied, 3.5% of children had experienced a violent crime. A discrete-time Cox model was used for the statistical analysis, which included an extended list of potential risk factors to adjust for confounding. Results: Children with disabilities are more likely to be victims of a reported violent crime than non-disabled children – ADHD odds ratio: 2.7 (2.6–2.8), mental retardation: 2.7 (2.6–2.7), autism 2.6 (2.5–2.7), loss of hearing 1.4 (1.2–1.5), brain injury: 1.8 (1.7–1.9), physical disabilities 1.4 (1.2–1.5), and blindness 2.0 (1.4–2.8). Speech disability, epilepsy, stuttering, and dyslexia were not associated with increased risk of violent victimisation, when adjusted for confounding risk factors and age. Conclusions: The results of the study provide empirical insight into the first-time prevalence of victimisation among children with disability, and into the predicative association between family disadvantages and victimisation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Normalization fifty years beyond-current trends in the Nordic countries
- Author:
- TØSSEBRO Jan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), June 2012, pp.134-146.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The notion and principles of normalisation is a main contribution from the Nordic countries to the development of policies and practices in services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of this paper is to explore the practical developments of these services and policies in the countries where the concept emerged and, in particular, the developments that took place after the turn of the 20th century. These years are of special interest because the countries saw important reforms during the 1990s, regarding both deinstitutionalisation and decentralisation. The aim of the paper is to address the developments that took place after the reform energy decreased and political attention had faded. The comparative analysis is based on research reviews in the 5 Nordic countries. The analysis observed a trend toward larger group homes and congregations, inequality across municipalities, marketisation, and new public management, but also an increasing emphasis on consumer rights and the use of the personal assistance scheme in services for people with ID. The article concludes that diverging trends coexist, with improvements going together with significant setbacks. It explores the trends from a political science perspective, noting how they relate to recent shifts in public management and changing drivers of change.
"Serious learning" as a process of change
- Authors:
- LAURSEN Karin, KILDEDAL Karin
- Journal article citation:
- Nordisk Sosialt Arbeid, 19(1), 1999, pp.19-31.
- Publisher:
- Universitetsforlaget AS
This article is about learning, which the authors views as one of the most important possible ways whereby people can change themselves and their lives. It discusses what serious learning is and in what circumstances it takes place. This followed by a discussion of why children with psychosocial problems often do not learn enough from the events occurring in their lives. Concludes with reflections about how theories of learning can be used as a source of inspiration when professionals have to help children and young people to become better at learning from their lives, including some concrete suggestions as to how professionals can collaborate through organised pedagogical work and thus help children learn from their lives.
Bringing home the bacon
- Author:
- PHILPOT Terry
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 16.11.89, 1989, pp.21-24.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
High levels of public spending and widespread decentralisation have been the keys to Denmark's community care policies.
Firesetting and arson in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic PRISMA review
- Author:
- ALLELY Clare Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 10(4), 2019, pp.89-101.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify studies which have investigated arson or firesetting in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Design/methodology/approach: A systematic PRISMA review was conducted. Findings: The present review highlighted the relatively little research that has been conducted to date exploring firesetting or arson in individuals with ASD. In sum, 11 papers were identified in the present review study: 6 were case studies and 5 were empirical studies. The case studies identified in the review highlighted some of the ASD symptomology which may contribute to this type of criminal behaviour. Also, the empirical studies indicate that there is a higher prevalence of individuals with ASD who engage in such criminal behaviours. Research limitations/implications: There is an urgent need for further empirical research in this area and for there to be an increased awareness and understanding of how ASD can contribute to arson and firesetting in both a legal and clinical context. Originality/value: This is the first review, to the author’s knowledge, to explore the literature on firesetting or arson in individuals with ASD. (Edited publisher abstract)
Quality of life for persons with disabilities: international perspectives and issues
- Editor:
- GOODE David
- Publisher:
- Brookline Books
- Publication year:
- 1994
- Pagination:
- 218p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge, MA
Comparative study of the quality of life of people with learning difficulties. Includes papers on: quality of life in the Danish context; a six year study of a quality of life model; Australian legislation, service delivery and quality of life; overview of theory and practice in Germany; quality of life and unemployment among people with disabilities in Hungary; the National Quality of Life for Persons with Disabilities Project in the USA; the California quality of life project; towards an understanding of quality of life in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities; quality of life and ageing; quality of life at school; training staff in quality of life issues; and the concept of quality of life and its current applications in the field of developmental disabilities.