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That poor laddie cannae tell his thoughts fae his actions: a repy to Sturmey
- Author:
- LINDSAY William R.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(1), March 2006, pp.119-120.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The author argues that behavioural therapies have always employed cognitive techniques and produced cognitive change but have omitted to measure them. It is further argued that unobservable variables are germane to scientific advance. The author calls for higher standards of science in cognitive therapy studies.
Helping the retarded: systematic behavioural approach
- Authors:
- PERKINS E.S., et al
- Publisher:
- British Institute of Mental Handicap
- Publication year:
- 1980
- Pagination:
- v,105p.,illus.
- Place of publication:
- Kidderminster
Adapted dialectical behaviour therapy skills group service evaluation
- Authors:
- SEARLE Robert John, BORSETI Ianiv
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 15(1), 2021, pp.1-7.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of an adapted dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) treatment programme for individuals with an intellectual disability, via completion of a service evaluation. Design/methodology/approach: Outcome measurements were competed at pre-, post- and 12 months follow-up, and the effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using a Friedman analysis. Findings: Findings demonstrated that the treatment group showed significant differences in their “psychological distress” scores, but no significant differences were found in their “psychological well-being”, “anxiety” or “quality of life” (WHO-QOL) scores over time. Originality/value: Overall, the current study adds to the small but growing literature that supports using the skills training group part of DBT as a stand-alone psychological intervention when working with people with an intellectual disability. (Edited publisher abstract)
Assessing the effectiveness of the “I Can Feel Good” programme mindfulness module for a group of detained intellectually disabled patients
- Authors:
- CRAVEN Rachel, SHELTON Lyn
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 14(6), 2020, pp.299-310.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the Mindfulness module of the “I Can Feel Good” programme, an adapted dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) informed skills programme for a group of intellectually disabled offenders (IDOs). Design/methodology/approach: The programme module was delivered to a group of five male IDOs detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 (Revised 2007) at an intellectual disability (ID) rehabilitation hospital based in the UK. The mindfulness module was 12 sessions in length, and it was evaluated using the emotional problems scale (EPS) and the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised (CAMS-R) self-assessment and observational scale. These measures were administered pre- and post-module and used the staff report scales as a primary source of evaluation. Findings: Non-parametric testing revealed that there was a reduction in scores post module on the externalising behaviour problem scale of the EPS and increased scores on the CAMS-R observational scale, which would indicate clinical improvement in the IDO’s behavioural presentation, although it was not statistically significant. The internalising behaviour problem scale showed increased signs of anxiety post module, this could be related to increased self-awareness. The CAMS-R self-reported measure indicated reduced mindfulness qualities following the module. Originality/value: The results indicate that following the mindfulness module, there was a reduced level of challenging behaviour displayed by the patients with increased signs of emotional regulation. There was also an observed reduction in symptoms of depression and low self-esteem post module. (Edited publisher abstract)
Positive group psychotherapy modified for adults with intellectual disabilities
- Author:
- TOMASULO Daniel J
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(4), 2014, pp.337-350.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Mental health problems are more prevalent among people with intellectual disabilities than in the general population. There is mounting evidence to show that adults with a dual diagnosis can find help through group therapy and have more productive and meaningful lives with improved relationships. This article focuses on a review of evidence for interactive behavioural therapy, a widely used model of group psychotherapy for people with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems, and reviews the modifications drawn from the field of positive psychology and positive psychotherapy being incorporated into the model. A sample of a modified positive intervention, the virtual gratitude visit, is explained and suggestions for future research are given. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dialectical behaviour therapy for special populations: treatment with adolescents and their caregivers
- Authors:
- CHARLTON Margaret, DYKSTRA Eric J.
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 5(5), 2011, pp.6-14.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The authors begin by discussing the adaptations that need to be made to dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) when working with populations who have both intellectual disabilities and mental illnesses. They go on to report the preliminary findings of a pilot study conducted with adolescent clients in a day treatment program in Colorado. This was designed to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy for special populations (DBT-SP). The study, which involved 19 students, used all three components of DBT, in addition to the normal milieu management techniques. Clients received DBT-SP focused individual therapy, skills training groups using the DBT-SP skills training manual, and the whole treatment team staff participated in a DBT-SP supervision/consultation group. Data were collected through observations of client behaviour by staff, client outcome when leaving the program, and daily diary card information. The authors note that, as this was a pilot study, there are many limitations to the data. However they conclude that thus far, the data are suggestive, but not conclusive, regarding the effectiveness of DBT-SP.
Solution-focused brief therapy with persons with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- ROEDEN John M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 6(4), December 2009, pp.253-259.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a short-term, goal-focused, and client-directed therapeutic approach that helps the client to generate solutions rather than dwell on problems. SFBT has rarely been used with clients with intellectual disabilities (ID). The authors discuss how this relatively new form of therapy in an adapted form can be made suitable for clients with ID. The assumptions of this therapeutic approach, the types of problems and settings addressed by SFBT and a description of the interventions used are considered. Indications and contraindications for SFBT and empirical data on the effectiveness of the therapy are discussed with regard to clients with or without ID. Tailoring SFBT to clients with ID can be done by using simple language, modified interventions and inserting other adaptations into the therapy process. Research is needed to demonstrate whether SFBT if effective with this target group can and to what extent it is valued by clients and their carers.
Practitioner consensus in the use of cognitive behaviour therapy for individuals with a learning disability
- Authors:
- HADDOCK Katie, JONES Robert S.P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 10(3), September 2006, pp.221-230.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been acknowledged as one of the most successful treatments for mental health problems. However, only a small number of practitioners engage in CBT with people with learning disabilities. A group of eight clinical psychologists who currently use CBT with this population gave details about their work in an attempt to gain a consensus on how to adapt CBT. The collective experiences of a wider group of experts produced a wealth of knowledge and suggestions to promote the use of CBT with this client group. Results suggested that although CBT needs to be creatively delivered, it does not necessarily need extensive adaptation.
The need for credible evidence: comments 'On some recent claims for efficacy of cognitive therapy for people with intellectual disabilities'
- Author:
- EMERSON Eric
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(1), March 2006, pp.121-123.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Sturmey (2005)argues that the evidence base underlying approaches to intervention based on applied behavioural analysis (ABA) are significantly stronger than that underlying approaches to intervention based on cognitive therapy. He concludes that 'the ethical imperative of beneficence requires that people, including people with ID, receive known effective treatments. Those effective treatments are based on ABA'. In this commentary, the author argues that Sturmey's selection of evidence to support the central argument (the superiority of ABA) involves some highly contestable assumptions and that evidence of the effectiveness of ABA falls far short of that required for evidence-based policy and practice.
Cognitive-behavioural intervention for people with intellectual disability and anxiety disorders
- Authors:
- DAGHAN Dave, JAHODA Andrew
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(1), March 2006, pp.91-97.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Distinct cognitive models and treatments have been developed for people without intellectual disability with a wide range of anxiety disorders. However, these have not been reported as applied to people with intellectual disabilities. In fact, much of the cognitive therapy literature for people with intellectual disabilities does not distinguish between different presentations of anxiety. The authors take the particular example of social phobia and describe the specific cognitive model and associated intervention developed for people without intellectual disabilities. They then consider research on the social context of people with intellectual disability and research on developmental factors predictive of anxiety and make suggestions for adaptation of treatment approaches. It is suggested that such an approach would be useful to apply to other anxiety presentations and to identify areas for further clinical and research development.