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Behavior problems in children raised by grandmothers: the role of caregiver distress, family resources, and the home environment
- Authors:
- KELLEY Susan J., WHITLEY Deborah M., CAMPOS Peter E.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), November 2011, pp.2138-2145.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Drawing on McCubbin's resiliency model of family stress, adjustment and adaptation, this study examines behaviour problems in children being raised by grandmothers and the factors in their current environment that are related to child behaviour problems. The sample comprised of 230 children ages 2 to 16 years. The families were predominantly low income and African American. Grandmothers responded to several self-report measures pertaining to child behaviour problems, family resources, social support, and caregiver psychological distress. Trained research assistants completed a standardized observational measure of the home environment. Results indicated that 31.3% of child participants scored in the clinically elevated range for total behaviour problems, with 21.3% and 32.6% scoring in the elevated range for internalizing and externalizing behaviours, respectively. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that of the variables examined, increased psychological distress in grandmothers was most predictive of child behaviour problems, followed by less supportive home environments and fewer family resources. Results of the present study underscore the need for interventions that focus on reducing child behaviour problems, as well as enhancing the parenting skills of grandmothers raising grandchildren. Findings also support the need for strategies to reduce stress in grandmother caregivers and to improve access to resources needed to provide supportive home environments for their grandchildren.
A multimodal intervention for grandparents raising grandchildren: results of an exploratory study
- Authors:
- KELLEY Susan J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Welfare Journal, 80(1), January 2001, pp.27-50.
- Publisher:
- Child Welfare League of America
This article describes the results of an exploratory study of a multimodal, home-based intervention designed to reduce psychological stress, improve physical and mental health, and strengthen the social support and resources of grandparents raising grandchildren. The six-month intervention included home visits by registered nurses, social workers, and legal assistants; the services
Perceptions of family empowerment in African American custodial grandmothers raising grandchildren: thoughts for research and practice
- Authors:
- WHITLEY Deborah M., KELLEY Susan J., CAMPOS Peter E.
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 92(4), October 2011, pp.383-389.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
There are 2.4 million grandparents in the United States serving as primary caregivers for their grandchildren. The focus of this study was to address the sense of powerlessness faced by many grandparents, mainly African American grandmothers, raising grandchildren. The study explored the effects of a strengths-based support programme on the perceptions of empowerment among these grandparent caregivers. The participants were 311 eligible grandparents who received services for a year which included: social work case management; nursing case management; support group meetings; and legal support services. Data was collected using the Family Empowerment Scale at project entry and at project exit. The results suggest that the service intervention supports the empowerment dimensions and 3 subscales
Results of an interdisciplinary intervention to improve the psychosocial well-being and physical functioning of African American grandmothers raising grandchildren
- Authors:
- KELLEY Susan J., WHITLEY Deborah, SIPE Theresa Ann
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 5(3), 2007, pp.45-64.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
The participants in this study were predominantly low income African American grandmothers raising one or more grandchildren in the absence of the children’s parent(s). The intervention consisted of social work and nursing case management, participation in monthly support groups and parenting classes, and legal advice for those seeking custody or adoption. The results show statistically significant improvements in psychological distress, family resources, social support and family coping, but not in physical health. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).