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Integrating health and care in China: lessons learned and future outlook
- Authors:
- HU Linlin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Integrated Care, 21(S2), 2021, p.18. Online only
- Publisher:
- International Foundation for Integrated Care
Background: An aging population is one of the key drivers reshaping health care systems. In China, the complex needs of its huge aging population require integration across the health and care sectors. Policies and progress: Over the past decade, the central government of China promulgated a series of policies to promote the establishment of aftercare facilities, specify approaches to integrate health and care service delivery at institutional and community levels, pilot long-term care insurance (LTCI) as a funding mechanism, and reform administrative structures in favor of integration. Progress has been made towards organizational and clinical integration of service delivery both at institutional and community levels. LTCI has been introduced as the financing mechanism covering long term care services. Discussions and Conclusions: The experiences of China in the integration of health and care could be summarized as a top-down approach in policy formulation and implementation, the significant employment of pilots and demonstrations, and the activation of market forces. However, China is still in the initial stage of integrating health and care and is faced with system-level challenges in its financing, management, and workforce, and faces technical challenges, such as a lack of tools, and standards. In the future, these issues need to be addressed.
Emotions and the policy process: enthusiasm, anger and fear
- Author:
- PIERCE Jonathan J.
- Journal article citation:
- Policy and Politics, 49(4), 2021, pp.595-614.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
Emotions affect how we think and behave and should be better incorporated into theories and frameworks of the policy process. Most research on emotions in the policy process relies on a dimensional model of emotions. However, over the past 20 years, research has found that dimensional approaches are limited compared to using categories of emotions. This article discusses theories of emotion, focusing on the theory of constructed emotion, and how emotion is studied in politics and policy. It then discusses the characteristics of enthusiasm, anger and fear, as well as the effects these emotions have on attention and information processing, risk perception, judgement and persuasion, and political participation and group behaviour. The article concludes by exploring how these emotions can be used by theories and frameworks of the policy process to better understand how emotions have an impact on attention to public problems, judging target populations and characters, and mobilise advocacy coalitions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Open policy making in the UK – to whom might policy formulation be ‘opening up’?
- Author:
- EXLEY Sonia
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Policy, 50(3), 2021, pp.451-469.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
This article explores recent UK government aspirations towards ‘open policy making’ (OPM). Against a backdrop of scholarly literatures on power inequalities in policy making, I consider to whom processes of policy formulation under a banner of OPM are expected to be ‘opening up’. The article draws on an analysis of government documents from 2012–2018 plus some supplementary data from expert interviews. It notes aspirations towards ‘opening up’ policy formulation to new experts and a particular preoccupation with encouraging private sector involvement. Ideas which may boost ordinary citizens’ input are also part of what ‘makes up’ UK Government OPM, though citizen involvement appears restricted, sitting uneasily alongside commitments to austerity influencing how ‘openness’ is understood. (Edited publisher abstract)
COVID-19 and risk: policy making in a global pandemic
- Author:
- ALASZEWSKI Andy
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 160
- Place of publication:
- Bristol
Risk has emerged as a key mechanism for controlling the future and learning from past misfortunes. Drawing on case studies from the UK, China, Japan, New Zealand and the US, this original text explores policy responses to COVID-19 through the lens of risk. The book considers how different countries framed the pandemic, categorised their populations and communicated risk. It also evaluates the role of the media, conspiracy theories and hindsight in shaping responses to COVID-19. Contents include: the challenge of foresight – framing COVID-19; being at-risk – categorising the population; communicating risk – public health messaging; pandemic narratives – representing risk through numbers or personal stories; contesting risk – conspiracy theories; hindsight – inquires and the blame game. (Edited publisher abstract)
Draft Children’s Rights Scheme 2021
- Author:
- WALES. Welsh Government
- Publisher:
- Wales. Welsh Government
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Pagination:
- 21
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
This consultation seeks views on the ‘Draft Children’s Rights Scheme 2021’, which sets out arrangements for having due regard to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and its Optional Protocols when Welsh Ministers exercise any of their functions. In March 2017 the Children’s Commissioner for Wales published a guide called The Right Way: A Children’s Rights Approach in Wales. This CRS is structured around the five principles of the Right Way approach which provides a strategic framework to integrate children’s rights into decision-making, policy and practice. This document is structured according to the following principles: embedding children’s rights – putting children’s rights at the core of planning and delivery; equality and non-discrimination – ensuring that every child has an equal opportunity to be the best they can be and is not discriminated against; empowering children – enhancing children’s capabilities as individuals so they’re better able to take advantage of rights; participation – listening to children and taking their views meaningfully into account; accountability – authorities should be accountable to children for decisions and actions that affect their lives. The consultation closes on 26 March 2021. (Edited publisher abstract)
Draft Domestic Abuse Bill: first report of session 2017-19
- Author:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Parliament. Joint Committee on the Draft Domestic Abuse Bill
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Parliament
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Pagination:
- 105
- Place of publication:
- London
Findings of parliamentary inquiry into the draft Domestic Abuse Bill and the Government’s wider domestic abuse strategy. Whilst there is much that is good in the draft bill the Committee feels very strongly that it is currently also a missed opportunity to address the needs of migrant women who have no recourse to public funds. We acknowledge the potential for abuse of any such support by individuals simply seeking to stay in the UK but this cannot be allowed to stop action to help this most vulnerable group of individuals and we recommend the Government consult on the most effective criteria to ensure such a measure reaches the victims it is designed to support. The other issue on which the Bill is silent is the plight of children who are victims of domestic abuse. The committee has made important recommendations which would ensure the needs of children are better recognised in law. (Edited publisher abstract)
Policy tsars: here to stay but more transparency needed: final report
- Authors:
- LEVITT Ruth, SOLESBURY William
- Publisher:
- King's Fund
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 89p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Policy tsars were defined for this research as individuals from outside government (though not necessarily from outside politics) publicly appointed by a government minister to advise on policy development or delivery on the basis of their expertise. The research aimed to explore how the development of government policy and practice benefits from the use of tsars. This report describes the project methodology and its findings. The research identified and profiled tsar appointments made between May 1997 and July 2012, analysed key characteristics, reviewed research, commentaries and media reports, and included interviews with tsars. The report discusses the rise of tsar appointments 1997-2012, which ministers appointed tsars, who the tsars were, their remits and working methods, and how effective they were. It concludes that tsars have become a major source of external expertise drawn on by government ministers, that their influence has grown progressively more significant over the last 15 years, and that their role and achievements remain largely unrecognised. It also makes recommendations for enhancing the usefulness and effectiveness of tsars as advisers to government, including the introduction of a code of practice and greater transparency about the appointment, management, activities and reporting of tsars. It includes a list of tsars from 2007 to 2012.
Policy tsars: here to stay but more transparency needed: summary report
- Authors:
- LEVITT Ruth, SOLESBURY William
- Publisher:
- King's Fund
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 10p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Policy tsars were defined for this research as individuals from outside government (though not necessarily from outside politics) publicly appointed by a government minister to advise on policy development or delivery on the basis of their expertise. The research aimed to explore how the development of government policy and practice benefits from the use of tsars. This paper describes the project and summarises its findings. The research identified and profiled tsar appointments made between May 1997 and July 2012, analysed key characteristics, reviewed research, commentaries and media reports, and included interviews with tsars. The summary covers the rise of tsar appointments 1997-2012, which ministers appointed tsars, who the tsars were, their remits and working methods, and how effective they were. It reports that tsars have become a major source of external expertise drawn on by government ministers, that their influence has grown progressively more significant over the last 15 years, and that their role and achievements remain largely unrecognised. It sets out the project recommendations for enhancing the usefulness and effectiveness of tsars as advisers to government, including the introduction of a code of practice and greater transparency about the appointment, management, activities and reporting of tsars. It includes a list of tsars from 2007 to 2012.
Stakeholder consultation as social mobilization: framing Scottish mental health policy
- Authors:
- STURDY Steve, SMITH-MERRY Jennifer, FREEMAN Richard
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 46(7), December 2012, pp.823-844.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Public and stakeholder consultation is increasingly important in the policy process in the UK and elsewhere. This article reports on a study of the consultation on the Scottish Government's Towards a Mentally Flourishing Scotland: The Future of Mental Health Improvement in Scotland 2008-11 consultation document. The research collected data covering all elements of the consultation process, including observation of stakeholder consultation events and analysis of the 76 written response documents. The article describes the study context and its approach, which used elements of social movement theory and the concept of framing. It reports on and discusses the findings, covering the aim and content of the consultation document and the language used in it and by advocates during the consultation process, and the content and language of written responses. It includes illustrative quotations. The authors argue that consultation can be the first stage in policy implementation and that this consultation served as a means of enrolling, orienting and mobilising stakeholders to implement a largely pre-existing set of policy aims.
Policy as palimpsest
- Author:
- CARTER Pam
- Journal article citation:
- Policy and Politics, 40(3), July 2012, pp.423-434.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
A palimpsest is a multi-layered text, such as a parchment scroll, that is re-used and reinscribed over time. This article presents policy as analogous to a palimpsest to highlight implementation processes and the complexity of judging progress. The palimpsest analogy demonstrates the various ways in which ‘new’ policy overwrites or imbricates existing practice as well as the ways in which policy implementers reproduce or change the meaning of policy. The argument is developed using the example of the UK Sure Start Children’s Centre policy. An ethnographic study involving observation of a community learning partnership over a period of 10 months was conducted to explore how implementation of the Sure Start policy was experienced locally. It was found that religious beliefs and traditional cultures influenced implementation and persistent social structures were in tension with rapid policy shifts or 'initiativitis'. The conclusion reached is that what counts as policy progress depends on how history is interpreted, how policy is framed, and how the future is imagined. Unintended consequences are produced as a local ‘policy-palimpsest’ is enacted.