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Report on the employment of disabled people in European countries: the Netherlands
- Authors:
- SCHOONHEIM Jacqueline, SMITS Jose
- Publisher:
- Academic Network of European Disability Experts
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 10p.
- Place of publication:
- Utrecht
The purpose of the report (Terms of Reference) is to review national implementation of the European Employment Strategy from a disability equality perspective, and to provide the Commission with useful evidence in support of disability policy mainstreaming. More specifically, the report will review implementation of EU Employment Strategy and the PROGRESS initiative with reference to policy implementation evidence from European countries, including the strategies addressed in the EU Disability Action Plan (such as flexicurity and supported employment).
Immigrant women and integration
- Author:
- COUNCIL OF EUROPE. Directorate of Social and Economic Affairs
- Publisher:
- Council of Europe
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 115p.
- Place of publication:
- Strasbourg
Papers from a meeting to pool experience with and ideas about projects to aid integration and equal opportunities for women immigrating to European Community countries.
Report on the employment of disabled people in European countries: Netherlands
- Authors:
- SCHOONHAIM J., SMITS J.C.
- Publisher:
- Academic Network of European Disability Experts
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 16p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Utrecht
This report, relating specifically to the Netherlands, is one of a series reviewing national implementation of the European Employment Strategy from a disability equality perspective. It provides an update as at November 2009 to a first report published in 2008. Evidence is summarised, along with a comment on the current economic crisis. It is then briefly reviewed in a standardised format under the following headings: academic publications and research reports; employment statistics and trends; laws and policies, type and quality of jobs; specific examples of good practice; and conclusions and recommendations. The latest statistics on employment of people with disabilities in the Netherlands date from 2007. The employment rate for people with physical disabilities is 37%, compared to 66% of people without disabilities. Age and gender have an impact on the likelihood of a disabled person being unemployed. Overall unemployment was projected to be around 6.2% in 2010. There is growing concern about the number of young people applying for disability benefits. A new law and several pilot projects have been introduced to enhance job opportunities for disabled people, particularly the young. In September 2009 a temporary law was introduced allowing employers to pay workers with a disability less than the minimum wage, the pay is supplemented by municipal governments. A national hiring quota was considered by rejected.
Evaluating gender impact assessment in the Netherlands (1994-2004): a political process approach
- Authors:
- ROGGEBAND Conny, VERLOO Mieke
- Journal article citation:
- Policy and Politics, 34(4), October 2006, pp.615-632.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
This article applies a political process approach to the analysis of pioneering Dutch efforts to develop and use gender impact assessment (GIA). Analysing the success and failure of the Dutch GIA, both at the level of structure (in terms of political opportunities, including discursive opportunities) and at the level of agency (in terms of mobilising networks and strategic framing), this article studies the construction, implementation and evaluation of the instrument over a 10-year period, contributing to a more theoretical understanding and to the further practical development of gender mainstreaming practices.
Gender policies and the position of women in the police force in European countries
- Authors:
- VAN DER LIPPE Tanja, GRAUMANS Anne, SEVENHUIJSEN Selma
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of European Social Policy, 14(4), November 2004, pp.391-405.
- Publisher:
- Sage
There is still a wide gap between the participation of men and women in the police force. In this article, we discuss existing barriers to gender policies aimed at improving the situation of women in the police force in four European countries, namely, Sweden, Spain (more specifically, Catalonia), Austria, and the Netherlands. Interviews as well as an expert meeting have been held to gain insight into the barriers to gender equality. As it turns out, gender mainstreaming policies form an important key to the process of raising women’s position in the police force. Although organizational structures have to change before cultural issues can be addressed, the most important existing barrier to gender equality proves to be the culture within the organization: in all four countries we studied, the police force is still male-dominated. With respect to gender equality in the police force, Sweden shows itself to be a front runner, followed by the Netherlands, Austria, and latecomer Catalonia.
Combining work and care in the ploder model: an assessment of the Dutch part-time strategy
- Author:
- PLANTENGA Janneke
- Journal article citation:
- Critical Social Policy, 22(1), February 2002, pp.53-71.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Working time is an important ingredient in the Dutch `polder model'. In particular, part-time employment has proven to be an important element on the road towards full employment. Part-time employment is also an important element in the so-called `combination model', a model that has been adopted by the Dutch government as the main guideline for policies in the field of labour and care. The point of departure of the combination model is a balanced combination of paid and unpaid care, where unpaid care work is shared equally between men and women and both work part-time for pay. The article looks at the consequences of this part-time strategy from an equal opportunities perspective. It concludes that for women the popularity of part-time work has resulted in a destandardization and individualization of working hours. The combined effects of both gender and the specific working time policy has been to create a one-and-a-half earner society. Given the half income of women, the polder model has not as yet resulted in a remedy for the socioeconomic inequality between men and women.
Sexing the benefit: women, social security and financial independence in EC sex equality law
- Author:
- SOHRAB Julia A
- Publisher:
- Dartmouth
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 256p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Aldershot
Study, using feminist theory, examining EC equality law in the field of statutory social security and considering the effectiveness of the legislation in bringing women close to the goal of financial independence from men. Goes on to assess the implementation of EC equality law in this area in four countries: the UK, Ireland, the Netherlands and Belgium. Criteria for assessing future policy options, legislation and court decisions are offered. Demonstrates that the concept of equality as currently understood in EC law is fundamentally limited in being able to change the unequal outcomes suffered by women in terms of their lack of financial independence from men.
The ambiguity of social return policies in the Netherlands
- Authors:
- YERKES Mara A., BRAKEN Leydi Johana van den
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 53(1), 2019, pp.113-127.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Social procurement policies, which aim to create employment opportunities for vulnerable groups, such as the long‐term unemployed and the disabled, have become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite their growing popularity, empirical research on this topic is limited. Combining insights from the social policy and public administration literatures, the authors explore the development and implementation of “social return” policies by the Dutch government. These policies are a form of social procurement that require private employers to spend a percentage of public tenders to hire individuals far removed from the labour market. Social procurement appears, by definition, to be a form of social investment. However, analysis of the ideas underlying its use in the Netherlands suggests that significant contradictions exist, with evidence of neoliberal New Public Management tendencies, social investment, and the more recent form of public administration, New Public Service. Using extensive document analysis of parliamentary documents, discussions and evaluative reports from 2008 to 2014, the authors reveal the tensions inherent in the Dutch approach and discuss possible implications for understanding of social policy and administration as well as social protection. (Edited publisher abstract)
Equality in diversity in the Dutch welfare state
- Author:
- van HOUTEN Douwe
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work and Society: International Online Journal, 5(2), 2007, Online only
- Publisher:
- University of Bielefeld
Under the Constitution, the equality principle is very important in the Netherlands. This article argues that there is little evidence for equal citizenship in the Netherlands. There is anti-discrimination legislation in the Netherlands, but it is not very robust. The core argument in this article is that the equality principle must be supplemented by the diversity principle. Diversity is multi-dimensional and can refer to religion, philosophy of life, political persuasion, race (ethnicity), gender, nationality, sexual orientation, age, disability and chronic illness. In this paper multi-culturalism and disability are taken into account and the authors make a comparison of the social position of disabled people and people from ethnic minorities. Policies on diversity are needed to arrive at diverse citizenship in a varied society. This implies that a distinction has to be made between political citizenship and cultural citizenship. The former has to do with equality, and the latter with diversity.
Emerging gender regimes and policies for gender equality in a wider Europe
- Authors:
- PASCALL Gillian, LEWIS Jane
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Policy, 33(3), July 2004, pp.373-394.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
This article addresses some implications for gender equality and gender policy at European and national levels of transformations in family, economy and polity, which challenge gender regimes across Europe. Women's labour market participation in the west and the collapse of communism in the east have undermined the systems and assumptions of western male breadwinner and dual worker models of central and eastern Europe. Political reworking of the work/welfare relationship into active welfare has individualised responsibility. Individualisation is a key trend west – and in some respects east – and challenges the structures that supported care in state and family. The links that joined men to women, cash to care, incomes to carers have all been fractured. The article will argue that care work and unpaid care workers are both casualties of these developments. Social, political and economic changes have not been matched by the development of new gender models at the national level. And while EU gender policy has been admired as the most innovative aspect of its social policy, gender equality is far from achieved: women's incomes across Europe are well below men's; policies for supporting unpaid care work have developed modestly compared with labour market activation policies. Enlargement brings new challenges as it draws together gender regimes with contrasting histories and trajectories. The article will map social policies for gender equality across the key elements of gender regimes – paid work, care work, income, time and voice – and discuss the nature of a model of gender equality that would bring gender equality across these. It analyses ideas about a dual earner–dual carer model, in the Dutch combination scenario and ‘universal caregiver’ models, at household and civil society levels. These offer a starting point for a model in which paid and unpaid work are equally valued and equally shared between men and women, but we argue that a citizenship model, in which paid and unpaid work obligations are underpinned by social rights, is more likely to achieve gender equality.