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A beginner's guide to autism spectrum disorders: essential information for parents and professionals
- Author:
- TAYLOR Paul G.
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 112p.
- Place of publication:
- London
... perspective; the way that the child with ASD sees the world. The books is designed to help parents and professionals working with the child feel confident, informed and able to cope with the road ahead following a diagnosis. It answers the questions: What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? What does a diagnosis of ASD mean for the child and for the parent? and explains how parents can learn to fully understand
Development of a Korean version of the behavior rating scale for dementia (BRSD-K)
- Authors:
- YOUN Jong Chui, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(7), July 2008, pp.677-684.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the behaviour rating scale for dementia (BRSD-K) for evaluating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The BRSD-K was administered to the informants of 268 subjects with dementia. Internal, inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities were tested. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was performed. To evaluate concurrent validity, Pearson correlation coefficients between BRSD-K scores and the corresponding scores of the Korean version of the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI-K) were calculated. BRSD-K demonstrated substantially high levels of reliabilities. Factor analysis identified seven factors: depressive symptoms, irritability/aggression, psychotic symptoms, behavioural dysregulations, sleep disturbance, inertia and appetite. Correlations between BRSD-K and corresponding NPI-K scores were statistically significant. BRSD-K was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
Structural brain correlates of unconstrained motor activity in people with schizophrenia
- Authors:
- FARROW Tom F. D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(5), November 2005, pp.481-482.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Avolition affects quality of life in chronic schizophrenia. The authors investigated the relationship between unconstrained motor activity and the volume of key executive brain regions in 16 male patients with schizophrenia. Wristworn actigraphy monitors were used to record motor activity over a 20 h period. Structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were parcellated and individual volumes for anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex extracted. Patients’total activity was positively correlated with volume of left anterior cingulate cortex. These data suggest that the volume of specific executive structures may affect (quantifiable) motor behaviours, having further implications for models of the ‘will’ and avolition.
Grouping of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia
- Authors:
- van der LINDE Rianne M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(6), 2014, pp.562-568.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: A wide range of behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) are common in dementia, and it has been suggested that groups of correlated symptoms should be studied together. Here, we describe the groups of BPSD that have been identified in the literature and how they have been used to study associations, burden, treatment and underlying biology. Methods: The literature database PubMed was searched for articles that identified clusters or factors of BPSD or used previously defined symptom groups. Results: Sixty-two studies were included. Generally, the following symptom groups were suggested: affective symptoms, including depression and anxiety; psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations; hyperactivity, including irritability and aggression; and euphoria. Symptoms that did not show consistent results include apathy, eating disturbances, night-time behaviour disturbances, disinhibition and aberrant motor behaviour. Symptom groups differed in their associations, treatment and biology. Conclusions: Studies investigating symptom groups show relatively consistent results. Studying symptom groups allows similar symptoms to be studied together, which might strengthen results and may point to differences in their aetiology and treatment. However, a large amount of the individual variability of the symptoms could not be explained by the factors, and authors should carefully address their research question and hypotheses to decide if symptoms should be studied in groups or individually. Clinicians need to consider each symptom in its own right and also to be aware of the interrelations between them when assessing patients and developing strategies for treatment (Publisher abstract)
The myth of autism: medicalising men's and boys' social and emotional competence
- Authors:
- TIMIMI Sami, GARDNER Neil, McCABE Brian
- Publisher:
- Palgrave Macmillan
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 344p.
- Place of publication:
- Basingstoke
... than a help and so our whole approach to the diagnosis needs re-consideration, including the possibility that this diagnosis should be abandoned. Chapters include: introduction; case studies; the history of autism; the cult of child development; the biological evidence; classification; the problem of heterogeneity; gender; culture and socialization; culture as a cause of 'autistic' behaviours;
The brain and the person-centred care
- Author:
- MILWAIN Elizabeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dementia Care, 18(2), March 2010, pp.23-28.
- Publisher:
- Hawker
This technical article explains how damage to a specific area of the brain can cause specific difficulties for a person with dementia, and guides care staff on the individual support they may need to give. It describes a functional summary of each of the areas of the brain – the occipital lobe, the left temporal lobe, the right temporal lobe, the left parietal lobe, the right parietal lobe, and the frontal lobe. For each lobe, the article outlines its relevance to people with dementia, and offers guidance for supporting damage to this area. In conclusion, the author suggests knowledge of each of the different lobes can help practitioners understand changes in behaviour and ability, and identify patterns of preservation and impairment.
Behavioral and psychological symptoms, neurocognitive performance, and functional independence in mild dementia
- Authors:
- GALLO Jennifer, SCHMIDT Kara S., LIBON Davi J.
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 7(3), August 2008, pp.397-413.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This research investigated the interrelationships between behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD; i.e. disturbance of perception, thought content, mood, or behaviour), cognition, and functional independence among mildly demented outpatients (MMSE = 23). A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was administered to 48 outpatients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (n = 32) and vascular dementia (n = 16) in order to assess cognitive function. A neuropsychiatric symptom inventory assessed BPSD and an instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire assessed functional independence. Pearson correlational analyses found that BPSD were associated with dementia severity, but not with performance on tests of specific neurocognitive domains. In addition, functional independence was associated with BPSD, dementia severity, and executive control, but not with language or memory. Multiple regression analyses revealed that dementia severity alone best predicted BPSD, and that BPSD more so than dementia severity best predicted functional independence. None of the specific neurocognitive domains predicted either BPSD or functional independence.
Sticky label
- Author:
- NEVEN Ruth Schmidt
- Journal article citation:
- Young Minds Magazine, 63, March 2003, pp.20-22.
- Publisher:
- YoungMinds
Looks Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and calls for an understanding of the condition beyond the medical diagnosis. Calls for a more multi-disciplinary approach and a change in the way ADHD is viewed to involve parents, children and young people in the solution to their own problems.
How dementia differs from normal ageing
- Author:
- GINESI Laura
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 112(24), 2016, pp.12-15.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Dementia is the collective name for as set of mood changes, confusion and increasing difficulty with everyday tasks.. This four part series provides an overview of dementia and it's treatment, from its causes a pathophysiology to diagnosis and the nurse's role in its management. This, first article reviews the main forms of dementia and how research is shedding new light on the differences (Publisher abstract)
Distinguishing features of autism in boys with fragile X syndrome
- Authors:
- BROCK M., HATTON D.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(10), October 2010, pp.894-905.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The literature was reviewed to identify behaviours that appeared to distinguish those boys with FXS/autism from those with only FXS. Three major categories of behaviour that may be distinguishing were identified: recognising emotions in self and others; social withdrawal and avoidance; and imaginative play, social play and object play. Backward regression was used to identify the combination of parent-report questionnaire items that best predicted autism symptoms in a sample of 60 males with FXS aged 4-18 years identified through the Carolina Fragile X Project. These items were matched with the three categories identified from the literature. Both social and repetitive behaviours distinguished males with FXS/autism; repetitive behaviours played a more prominent role than previously documented in the literature. The authors conclude that healthcare workers and early interventionists may be able to interview parents about a few key behaviours to determine if young child with FXS should be formally evaluated for autism.