Search results for ‘Subject term:"diagnosis"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 68
Going mad?: understanding mental illness
- Authors:
- CORRY Michael, TUBRIDY Aine
- Publisher:
- Newleaf
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 163p.
- Place of publication:
- Dublin
One of the most alarming experiences has to be losing control over one's thoughts, feelings and behaviour. Everyone knows that if they lose control over the simple things, they are no longer running their lives. The fear of mental illness is not exclusive to high levels of anxiety and panic, although it is the commonest source. There are many symptoms that terrify people simply because they can't be explained - flashbacks to traumatic incidents, panic attacks, inability to concentrate or sleep. Psychological distress has a stigma that physical disease doesn't share. Well meaning suggestions are laced with judgement. Those who can't pull themselves together are thought spineless, lazy or weak. In this climate of achievement, success and money, who wants to employ someone who has had a 'nervous breakdown'? In this book, the authors chart the course of psychological distress from the minor to the major, clearly documenting what happens and what doesn't. They aim to make mental illness understandable and inseparable from the experience of being human. And the question the attitude and behaviour of the medical profession towards it.
Changes in the expression of worries, anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorder with increasing age: a population study of 70 to 85‐year‐olds
- Authors:
- NILSSON Johanna E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(2), 2019, pp.249-257.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is supposed to decrease with age. Reasons suggested include that emotional control increases and that anxiety and worry are expressed differently in older adults. The aim of this study was to examine how the expression of anxiety and worry changes with age and how this influences diagnoses in current classification systems. Method: Semistructured psychiatric examinations were performed in population‐based samples of 70‐ (n = 562), 75‐ (n = 770), 79/80‐ (n = 603), and 85‐year‐olds (n = 433). Individuals with dementia were excluded. GAD was diagnosed according to DSM‐5 (DSM5 GAD) and ICD‐10 (ICD10 GAD) criteria. Individual symptoms were assessed according to severity and frequency. Functioning was measured with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Results: The prevalence of clinical anxiety, autonomic arousal, muscle tension, and irritability decreased with age, while that of worry and fatigue increased. Concentration difficulties and sleep disturbances remained stable. The prevalence of ICD10 GAD tended to decrease, while that of DSM5 GAD did not change with age. Core symptoms and diagnoses of GAD were related to lower GAF scores. However, in those with autonomic arousal and ICD10 GAD, GAF scores increased with age. Conclusions: The prevalence of ICD10 GAD tended to decrease with increasing age while the prevalence of DSM5 GAD remained stable. This difference was partly due to a decreased frequency of severe anxiety and autonomic arousal symptoms, and that worries increased, suggesting changes in the expression of GAD with increasing age. (Publisher abstract)
Symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of South African patients living with HIV
- Authors:
- KAGEE Ashraf, MARTIN Lindi
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(2), February 2010, pp.159-165.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Little systematic epidemiological research has been conducted on the extent of psychiatric disorders among South African patients in general, and among patients living with HIV in particular – yet disorders such as depression and anxiety appear to be common with patients suffering from HIV. This study reports on a survey conducted among 85 patients receiving treatment at three HIV clinics in the Western Cape. Participants completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and the Beck Depression Inventory - both self-report instruments designed to measure mood disorder. The mean score of the sample on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist was 47.54, which was significantly different from the commonly used cut-off-point of 44 for clinically significant distress; 52.9% of the sample scored in the elevated range on this measure. On the Beck Depression Inventory, 37.6% of the sample fell in or above the normal range for depression. The results suggest that a considerable number of the sample may experience psychiatric difficulty, for which they may not be receiving treatment.
Attachment and psychopathology in a community sample
- Authors:
- WRD Mary J., LEE Shelley S., POLAN H. Jonathan
- Journal article citation:
- Attachment and Human Development, 8(4), December 2006, pp.327-340.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-I) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) were administered to 60 women participating in a study (n = 226) of mother - child interaction. These women were not referred to the study for psychiatric care. The 60 women interviewed with the AAI were selected from the first 190 women who completed the SCID-I, so that 30 received a diagnosis and 30 did not. Analyses indicated that psychopathology diagnoses were associated significantly with mental representations of attachment classified in the AAI. The non-autonomous groups had increased likelihood of SCID diagnosis, compared to the autonomous group. While 32% of women with autonomous AAI transcripts received SCID diagnoses, 63% of women with Dismissing, 100% of woman with Preoccupied, was associated with elevated risk of diagnosis. These findings support the premise from attachment theory that early relationships affect patterns of interpersonal expectations and behaviour and affect regulation
Limitations of the patient health questionnaire in identifying anxiety and depression in community mental health: many cases are undetected
- Authors:
- EACK Shaun M., GREENO Catherine G., LEE Bong-Jae
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 16(6), November 2006, pp.625-631.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The aim of this study was to determine the concordance between the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in diagnosing anxiety and depressive disorders. Fifty women seeking psychiatric services for their children at two mental health centres in western Pennsylvania were assessed for anxiety and depressive disorders using the SCID and the PHQ. Twenty-five women met SCID criteria for at least one anxiety disorder, 11 (44%) of whom the PHQ failed to identify. The PHQ was particularly limited in identifying individuals with anxiety disorders other than panic disorder. Seventeen women met SCID criteria for at least one depressive disorder, 6 (35%) of whom the PHQ failed to identify. The PHQ was particularly limited in identifying depressed individuals with dysthymia. It is concluded that caution should be used when screening for anxiety and depression with the PHQ. Implications for improving diagnostic accuracy in social work practice are discussed.
Neuropsychological performance at the age of 13 years and adult schizophreniform disorder
- Authors:
- CANNON Mary, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(5), November 2006, pp.463-464.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The authors examined neuropsychological functioning at age 13 years in adolescents who later developed schizophreniform disorder, compared with healthy controls and with adolescents diagnosed as having had a manic episode or depression or anxiety disorder. Participants were from an unselected birth cohort. Attentional, executive and motor impairments at age 13 were found in those who later fulfilled diagnostic criteria for schizophreniform disorder, suggesting that these impairments may be the earliest emerging neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia-related disorders.
Masking the problem
- Author:
- FANTI Graham
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 29.4.93, 1993, p.17.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
As a psycho-active drug alcohol can create depression, anxiety, confusion and psychoses; a primary cause of mental health difficulties, rather than a symptom of depression. Describes the link between alcohol and mental illness.
Anxiety disorders: QS53
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Place of publication:
- Manchester
This quality standard covers the identification and management of anxiety disorders in primary, secondary and community care for children, young people and adults. These include generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. The standard sets out the following four quality statements: people with a suspected anxiety disorder receive an assessment that identifies whether they have a specific anxiety disorder, the severity of symptoms and associated functional impairment; people with an anxiety disorder are offered evidence-based psychological interventions; they are not prescribed benzodiazepines or antipsychotics unless specifically indicated; and people receiving treatment for an anxiety disorder have their response to treatment recorded at each treatment session. (Edited publisher abstract)
What does a 'transdiagnostic' approach have to offer the treatment of anxiety disorders?
- Authors:
- MCMANUS Freda, SHAFRAN Roz, COOPER Zafra
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(4), November 2010, pp.491-505.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this study was to review the rationale for transdiagnostic approaches to the understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders. The authors suggest that a transdiagnostic approach to treating anxiety disorders may help to address two important challenges in this area: the development of treatments for patients with more than one coexisting anxiety disorder, and ensuring that evidence-based treatments are effectively applied in routine clinical settings. A literature search was undertaken and a small number of relevant papers were identified and reviewed. The article discusses the prevalence of multiple co-occurring anxiety disorders, treating multiple coexisting anxiety disorders, the theory and practice of transdiagnostic approaches to anxiety disorders, and the advantages of transdiagnostic treatment. The authors conclude that transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural approaches have potential benefits, particularly in striking a balance between completely idiosyncratic formulations and diagnosis-driven treatments of anxiety disorders, but that there is a need for further research.
Screening for anxiety and depression in community mental health: the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories
- Authors:
- EACK Shaun M., SINGER Jonathan B., GREENO Catherine G.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 44(6), December 2008, pp.465-474.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Accurate diagnosis is key to providing quality services in community mental health. This research examined the ability of the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories to identify anxiety and depression in community settings. The diagnostic accuracy of these instruments was compared with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV in a sample of 288 distressed women seeking treatment