Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(2), 2014, pp.91-101.
Publisher:
Elsevier
Studies show that, in violent relationships, both partners suffer from higher levels of depression than in non-violent relationships. This article presents a preliminary, yet empirically grounded, foundation for explaining research findings on depression levels for males and females in three 'Dyadic Types' of intimate partner physical violence: Male-Only, Female-Only, and Both Violent.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Studies show that, in violent relationships, both partners suffer from higher levels of depression than in non-violent relationships. This article presents a preliminary, yet empirically grounded, foundation for explaining research findings on depression levels for males and females in three 'Dyadic Types' of intimate partner physical violence: Male-Only, Female-Only, and Both Violent. The theoretical framework involves identifying the relation of intimate partner physical violence to be of greater male than female concern with status enhancement and greater female than male concern with risk reduction, and how these play out in each of the Dyadic Types.
(Edited publisher abstract)
One in five people at work are attacked or abused every year just for doing their job. Every week people are abused, threatened and beaten up simply because people they have to deal with as part of their job turn violent. Many receive major or minor injuries, but the psychological effects - stress, depression, even fear of work, can be even worse. But there is much you and your employer can do
One in five people at work are attacked or abused every year just for doing their job. Every week people are abused, threatened and beaten up simply because people they have to deal with as part of their job turn violent. Many receive major or minor injuries, but the psychological effects - stress, depression, even fear of work, can be even worse. But there is much you and your employer can do to stop you becoming a victim. This paper tells you how you, your employer and your union can work together to make your work safer.
Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 26(2), 2017, pp.116-136.
Publisher:
Taylor and Francis
Few studies have examined the impact of violent victimization on friendship networks. This study used 2 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine the effects of violent victimization on number of peer- and self-reported friendships. Guided by stigma theory (Goffman, 1963), fixed-effect regression models controlling for depression,
(Publisher abstract)
Few studies have examined the impact of violent victimization on friendship networks. This study used 2 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine the effects of violent victimization on number of peer- and self-reported friendships. Guided by stigma theory (Goffman, 1963), fixed-effect regression models controlling for depression, delinquency, substance use, and school engagement were completed to predict changes in number of friends following victimization. Consistent with the theory, results indicate that experiencing violent victimization (e.g., jumped, stabbed, shot at) was associated with a decrease in number of friends. These effects were magnified for females and for individuals with a greater number of depressive symptoms. These results were consistent even when models were run separately for each individual type of victimization. Treatment and prevention implications are discussed.
(Publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
young people, depression, violence, friendship, social networks;
Community Mental Health Journal, 53(1), 2017, pp.39-52.
Publisher:
Springer
Research on the impact of exposure to community violence tends to define victimization as a single construct. This study differentiates between direct and indirect violence victimization in their association with mental health problems and mental health service use. This study includes 8947 individuals from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and examines (1) whether sub-types of adolescent victimization are linked to depressive symptoms; (2) whether adolescent victimization is linked with mental health service use; and (3) the role of mental health service use in attenuating symptoms arising from victimizations. Adolescents witnessing community violence were more likely to experience depressive symptoms during adolescence but not during their young adulthood; direct exposure to violence during adolescence does not predict depressive symptoms in adolescence but does in adulthood. Use of mental health service mediates report of depressive symptoms for adolescent witnessing community violence.
(Publisher abstract)
Research on the impact of exposure to community violence tends to define victimization as a single construct. This study differentiates between direct and indirect violence victimization in their association with mental health problems and mental health service use. This study includes 8947 individuals from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and examines (1) whether sub-types of adolescent victimization are linked to depressive symptoms; (2) whether adolescent victimization is linked with mental health service use; and (3) the role of mental health service use in attenuating symptoms arising from victimizations. Adolescents witnessing community violence were more likely to experience depressive symptoms during adolescence but not during their young adulthood; direct exposure to violence during adolescence does not predict depressive symptoms in adolescence but does in adulthood. Use of mental health service mediates report of depressive symptoms for adolescent witnessing community violence.
(Publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
violence, young people, depression, service uptake, mental health services;
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 2014, pp.492-501.
Publisher:
Elsevier
... The studies identified seven categories of consequences of workplace violence: (1) physical, (2) psychological, (3) emotional, (4) work functioning, (5) relationship with patients/quality of care, (6) social/general, and (7) financial. Psychological (e.g., posttraumatic stress, depression) and emotional (e.g., anger, fear) consequences and impact on work functioning (e.g., sick leave, job satisfaction) were
(Original abstract)
Workplace violence is an important health and safety issue. Healthcare workers are particularly at risk of experiencing workplace violence. This article reviews the literature regarding the consequences of exposure to workplace violence in the healthcare sector. Sixty-eight studies were included in the review and they were evaluated according to 12 criteria recommended for systematic reviews. The studies identified seven categories of consequences of workplace violence: (1) physical, (2) psychological, (3) emotional, (4) work functioning, (5) relationship with patients/quality of care, (6) social/general, and (7) financial. Psychological (e.g., posttraumatic stress, depression) and emotional (e.g., anger, fear) consequences and impact on work functioning (e.g., sick leave, job satisfaction) were the most frequent and important effects of workplace violence. The paper recommends further research, particularly longitudinal studies, in order to better grasp the direct and indirect effects of workplace violence.
(Original abstract)
Subject terms:
health care, violence, health professionals, stress, depression;
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(9), September 2008, pp.1213-1234.
Publisher:
Sage
... associated with increased depression scores overall, but there was an interaction effect such that high disengagement coping strengthened the relationship between CV and depressed mood. Moreover, when controlling for the effect of posttraumatic stress, high-perceived friend support and low disengagement coping served as protective factors for depressed mood. These results were particularly strong
The objectives of the current study were to (a) determine how lifetime community violence (CV) victimization, coping behaviour, social support (SS), and depressed mood are related in young adults, and (b) assess whether the relationship between CV victimization and depressive reactions is moderated by perceived SS and coping style. Five hundred fifty college students (160 men, 355 women) completed questionnaires measuring lifetime experiences with violence, current depressed mood, perceptions of SS from family and friends, and general coping styles. Results of a series of hierarchical regressions indicated a positive relationship between frequency of CV victimization and depressed mood. Low levels of perceived SS and problem-focused coping and high levels of disengagement coping were associated with increased depression scores overall, but there was an interaction effect such that high disengagement coping strengthened the relationship between CV and depressed mood. Moreover, when controlling for the effect of posttraumatic stress, high-perceived friend support and low disengagement coping served as protective factors for depressed mood. These results were particularly strong in individuals whose last CV experience occurred within the previous 2 years. Findings suggest that perceptions of support and ability to actively cope with stressors are very important in the adjustment to CV victimization.
Subject terms:
social networks, violence, young adults, coping behaviour, depression;
Social Science and Medicine, 67(1), July 2008, pp.23-30.
Publisher:
Elsevier
... level crime, perceived neighbourhood disorder, violence experienced in the neighbourhood, and depression. The sample of 786 comprised current and former drug users nested in 270 block groups within Baltimore, Maryland. Using path analysis, the authors tested the hypothesis that neighbourhood violent crime has a direct impact on experiences of violence. They also hypothesized that neighbourhood
Crime and neighbourhood disorder may negatively impact the health of urban residents. Neighbourhoods with high levels of violent crime may also increase residents' risk of experiencing violence. Most studies supporting the assertion that neighbourhood disorder impacts mental health have used residents' own ratings of their neighbourhoods. This study examines the relationships among block-group level crime, perceived neighbourhood disorder, violence experienced in the neighbourhood, and depression. The sample of 786 comprised current and former drug users nested in 270 block groups within Baltimore, Maryland. Using path analysis, the authors tested the hypothesis that neighbourhood violent crime has a direct impact on experiences of violence. They also hypothesized that neighbourhood violence had a direct and indirect impact on depressive symptoms. Results support a model in which violence is associated with psychological distress through perceptions of neighbourhood disorder, and through experiences of violence. They conclude that community and structural level interventions are needed to decrease neighbourhood crime and improve residents' perception of their neighbourhood.
... spousal abuse. Contrary to expectations, some of these youths reported no engagement in peer violence and no symptoms of depression, which meant that they could be considered “resilient.” Given their precarious conditions, the authors inquired into how these young people functioned on other protective and risk indicators when compared to non-violence exposed peers. Using Bonferroni post-hoc tests, the authors conducted an analysis of variance based comparison of levels of risk and protective factors on three groups of violence and depression-resilient youth (low, middle and high family violence experience) with those participants who reported no family violence or abuse, no depression and no use of violence. The violence and depression-resilient participants reported significantly higher levels concluded that while some family violence exposed young people may not engage in violence or experience depression, this does not automatically imply an absence of other challenges and calls into question our current notions of resilience.
(Edited publisher abstract)
This study expands on earlier analyses of the data generated by a cross-sectional study involving a random sample of 5149 middle-school students with a mean age of 14.5 years from four EU-countries (Austria, Germany, Slovenia, and Spain), in which every fourth respondent (23.0%) had been physically abused by his or her parents and almost every sixth respondent (17.3%) had witnessed physical spousal abuse. Contrary to expectations, some of these youths reported no engagement in peer violence and no symptoms of depression, which meant that they could be considered “resilient.” Given their precarious conditions, the authors inquired into how these young people functioned on other protective and risk indicators when compared to non-violence exposed peers. Using Bonferroni post-hoc tests, the authors conducted an analysis of variance based comparison of levels of risk and protective factors on three groups of violence and depression-resilient youth (low, middle and high family violence experience) with those participants who reported no family violence or abuse, no depression and no use of violence. The violence and depression-resilient participants reported significantly higher levels of aggression supportive beliefs, alcohol consumption, drug use, verbal aggression towards and from teachers and use of indirect aggression, along with lower levels of social and personal protective characteristics such as self-acceptance, emotional self-control, optimism about the future, and positive relations with parents and teachers, than students without family violence experiences. The authors concluded that while some family violence exposed young people may not engage in violence or experience depression, this does not automatically imply an absence of other challenges and calls into question our current notions of resilience.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
child abuse, young people, resilience, risk, violence, depression;
Research on Social Work Practice, 25(5), 2015, pp.587-594.
Publisher:
Sage
Homelessness affects a large and increasing number of families in the United States, and exposure to violence and other potentially traumatic events is common among homeless families. This study explores the relationships between caregiver exposure to violence, caregiver depression, and youth depression and behavioural problems among homeless families. Preliminary findings indicate that among this sample of homeless families, caregiver violence exposure has statistically significant relationships with both youth behavioural problems and youth depression symptoms, as mediated by caregiver depression. These findings indicate that youth behavioural health is associated with caregiver mental health, which, in turn, is associated with caregiver trauma exposure. This highlights the importance
(Edited publisher abstract)
Homelessness affects a large and increasing number of families in the United States, and exposure to violence and other potentially traumatic events is common among homeless families. This study explores the relationships between caregiver exposure to violence, caregiver depression, and youth depression and behavioural problems among homeless families. Preliminary findings indicate that among this sample of homeless families, caregiver violence exposure has statistically significant relationships with both youth behavioural problems and youth depression symptoms, as mediated by caregiver depression. These findings indicate that youth behavioural health is associated with caregiver mental health, which, in turn, is associated with caregiver trauma exposure. This highlights the importance of taking into account adult mental health while treating youth externalising and internalising behaviours and ensuring that caregivers, too, have access to adequate treatment and supports. Furthermore, this treatment should be trauma informed, given the link between trauma and mental health.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
families, homelessness, parents, depression, young people, violence, behaviour problems;
HEBENSTREITA Claire L., DEPRINCE Anne P., CHUA Ann T.
Journal article citation:
Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 23(2), 2014, pp.168-187.
Publisher:
Taylor and Francis
This study considers links between the number of types of violence to which women have been exposed, depression, and executive functions (EFs). Substantial research has established EF deficits among depressed individuals as well as individuals exposed to trauma. Studies have also indicated a relationship between trauma exposure and depressive symptoms across a range of traumatic events,
(Publisher abstract)
This study considers links between the number of types of violence to which women have been exposed, depression, and executive functions (EFs). Substantial research has established EF deficits among depressed individuals as well as individuals exposed to trauma. Studies have also indicated a relationship between trauma exposure and depressive symptoms across a range of traumatic events, such as combat exposure, motor vehicle accidents, natural disasters, and assaults. This study examines this relationship in an ethnically diverse community sample of 93 women exposed to interpersonal violence who completed a battery of EF tasks that assessed processing speed, working memory, response inhibition, and set shifting. Women reported an average of 5.8 types of interpersonal violence events. The number of types of interpersonal violence events was significantly related to depressive symptoms, although not EF performance. Specific EFs, such as working memory and response inhibition, were positively related to depressive symptoms.
(Publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
women, depression, violence, traumas, domestic violence, sexual abuse, memory;