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How do social interactions with a significant other affect PTSD symptoms? An empirical investigation with a clinical sample
- Authors:
- GUAY Stéphane, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 20(3), April 2011, pp.280-303.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The impact of trauma on mental health can be extensive. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the best understood conditions resulting from a traumatic experience. PTSD affects as many as 7% of the United States population. Social support and coping behaviour are both related to PTSD symptoms, but the actual mechanisms underlying their relationships are under researched. This study investigated these relationships by examining the perceived frequency of supportive and counter-supportive interactions with a significant other in PTSD patients. Participants included 96 individuals with PTSD who were recruited in Montreal, Canada and completed questionnaires assessing social interactions, ways of coping, and PTSD symptoms. Findings revealed that the associations of social interactions and coping with symptoms were independent, and suggested a direct association between social interactions and PTSD. Counter-supportive interactions were more associated to symptoms than supportive interactions. The development of psychotherapies which integrate social support interventions are discussed.
Posttraumatic stress and depression reactions among survivors of the Istanbul November 2003 terrorist attacks
- Authors:
- PAGE Ayten Z., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 18(3), April 2009, pp.280-292.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Posttraumatic stress and depression reactions were examined among survivors of the Istanbul November 2003 terrorist bombings. One hundred and forty-nine survivors (62 men and 87 women with a mean age of 30.1 years) completed a the PTSD Symptom Scale – self report version and the Beck Depression Inventory to measure exposure, current posttraumatic stress, and depression responses six months after the blasts. The prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors was 35.6% and the rate of depression was 23.5%. PTSD was strongly predicted by perceived life threat, whereas depression was strongly predicted by death of a close friend. Age was not a significant factor but overall, female survivors were found to be more vulnerable to developing posttraumatic stress as well as depression
PTSD compromises battered women's future safety
- Authors:
- PEREZ Sara, JOHNSON Dawn M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(5), May 2008, pp.635-651.
- Publisher:
- Sage
... examined the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression on battered women's safety at follow-up. Participants completed both a baseline and follow-up interview, including data on abuse experiences. Results suggest symptoms of PTSD predict severity of violence at follow-up over the impact of help-seeking behaviours, perceived helpfulness of these behaviours, and social support.
Association between trauma exposure and delusional experiences in a large community-based sample
- Authors:
- SCOTT James, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(4), April 2007, pp.339-343.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Surveys have found that otherwise well individuals report delusional experiences. Previous studies have shown an association between psychotic symptoms and exposure to trauma. The aim was to explore the association between trauma and delusional experiences in a community sample. Respondents (n=10 641) were assessed for delusional experiences, exposure to various types of traumatic experiences and the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The endorsement of delusional items was examined in people exposed to traumatic events who did or did not have PTSD. Exposure to any traumatic event but without the development of PTSD was associated with increased endorsement of delusional experiences (relative risk 2.68, 95% CI 2.18–3.30) and there was a significant dose–response relationship between the number of types of traumatic events and endorsement of such experiences. A diagnosis of PTSD further increased endorsement of delusional experiences. The association between PTSD and delusional experiences remained significant after adjusting for factors associated with psychotic symptoms. Further investigation into the pathways between trauma, delusions and psychosis may provide insights into shared aetiological mechanisms underpinning these conditions.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among recently diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS in South Africa
- Authors:
- OLLEY B.O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 17(5), July 2005, pp.550-557.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examined the prevalence of and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa. One hundred and forty-nine (44 male, 105 female) recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients were evaluated. Subjects were assessed using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Carver Brief COPE coping scale and the Sheehan Disability Scale. In addition, previous exposures to trauma and past risk behaviours were assessed. Twenty-two patients (14.8%) met criteria for PTSD. Current psychiatric conditions more likely to be associated with PTSD included major depressive disorder, suicidality and social anxiety disorder. Further patients with PTSD reported significantly more work impairment and demonstrated a trend towards higher usage of alcohol as a means of coping. Discriminant function analysis indicated that female gender and a history of sexual violation in the past year were significantly associated with a diagnosis of PTSD. Patients whose PTSD was a direct result of an HIV/AIDS diagnosis (8/22) did not differ from other patients with PTSD on demographic or clinical features. In the South African context, PTSD is not an uncommon disorder in patients with HIV/AIDS. In some cases, PTSD is secondary to the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS but in most cases it is seen after other traumas, with sexual violation and intimate partner violence in women being particularly important.
Differential symptom pattern of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in maltreated children with and without concurrent depression
- Authors:
- RUNYON Melissa K., FAUST Jan, ORVASCHEL Helen
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(1), January 2002, pp.39-53.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The present study attempted to examine specific differences in the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology among abused children with and without concurrent depression. PTSD and depressive symptoms were identified that discriminate between 98 children divided into three groups: (1) abused children with PTSD, (2) nonabused children who meet criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and (3) abused children with both PTSD and MDD. For the sample of abused children examined, the results illuminate differences with respect to PTSD symptom presentation for those children with PTSD who have a concurrent depressive disorder and their nondepressed counterparts. Children with PTSD who have a concurrent depression report greater levels of intrusive PTSD-related symptoms.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression
- Authors:
- BLEICH Avi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, May 1997, pp.479-482.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Examines psychiatric morbidity following war-related psychic trauma, with a special focus on the depressive comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Subjects consisted of Israeli veterans who sought psychiatric treatment 4-6 years after having been exposed to war trauma. Concludes that within post-traumatic psychiatric morbidity of combat origin, PTSD and MDD are the most prevalent disorders. In addition it appears that PTSD, although related to post-traumatic MDD beyond a mere sharing of common symptoms, is at the same time differentiated from it as an independent diagnostic category.
The longitudinal effects of maltreatment class membership on post-traumatic stress and depression
- Authors:
- KATZ Colleen C., LALAYANTS Marina, LUSHIN Victor
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 118, 2021, p.105103.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: While the link between maltreatment and mental illness has been largely established, there is a need to better understand how certain types or profiles of maltreatment place youth at heightened risk for depression and traumatic stress, and when the risk of developing symptoms may be greatest. Objective: We examined the extent to which youth experiences of maltreatment co-occur and how certain combinations of maltreatment work to influence the subsequent development of depression and post-traumatic stress over time. Participants & setting: Data were drawn from NSCAW-II, a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 5872 child welfare involved youth, aged 0–18. Methods: Latent Class Analysis was used to investigate profiles of child maltreatment. We then used a longitudinal three-wave panel design to examine whether membership in various maltreatment classes predicted development of depression and post-traumatic stress measured at two future time points. Results: Three classes emerged: Class 1 (68 %) the “Neglect and Adverse Parental Behaviors Class”, Class 2 (20 %) the “Physical Abuse Class”, and Class 3 (12 %) the “Sexual Abuse Class”. Membership in Class 2 increased depression and trauma symptoms at Wave 2, compared to Class 1 (b = 1.8 and 1.4, respectively; p < 0.05). Membership in Class 3 increased trauma symptoms at Wave 3, compared to Class 1 and Class 2 (b = 2.3 and 2.7, respectively; p < 0.01). Implications: Child welfare involved youth need to be appropriately screened for psychiatric health annually and provided with services that correspond with their level (Edited publisher abstract)
Suicidality among homeless people: testing the mediating effects of self-efficacy and depression
- Authors:
- KIM Jin Kim, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 29(7), 2019, pp.922-936.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This cross-sectional study examined the mediating effect of PTSD on suicide ideation and suicide attempt through two mediators, self-efficacy and depression, among homeless adults. The authors recruited a non-random, purposive sample of 156 homeless adults from seven homeless people shelters in Kansas. SEM results suggest that self-efficacy and depression were significant mediators between PTSD (Edited publisher abstract)
Financial disaster as a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder: internet survey of trauma in victims of the Madoff Ponzi scheme
- Author:
- FRESHMAN Audrey
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 37(1), February 2012, pp.39-48.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
... anxiety/depression and health-related concerns were gathered by self-report questionnaire. Findings indicated that 55% of participants met criteria for a presumptive Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnosis of PTSD, and as a group, acknowledged high levels of anxiety, depression, and health-related problems. Ninety per cent of victims affirmed a substantial loss of confidence in financial