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The impact of executive function on response to cognitive behavioral therapy in late-life depression
- Authors:
- GOODKIND Madeleine S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(4), 2016, pp.334-339.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Late-life depression (LLD) is a common and debilitating condition among older adults. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has strong empirical support for the treatment of depression in all ages, including in LLD. In teaching patients to identify, monitor, and challenge negative patterns in their thinking, CBT for LLD relies heavily on cognitive processes and, in particular, executive to CBT. Results: When using three baseline measures of executive functioning that quantify set shifting, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition to predict treatment response, only baseline Wisconsin Card Sort Task performance was associated with a significant drop in depression symptoms after CBT. Specifically, worse performance on the Wisconsin Card Sort Task was associated with better (Publisher abstract)
Autonomous and controlled motivation and interpersonal therapy for depression: moderating role of recurrent depression
- Authors:
- MCBRIDE Carolina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(4), November 2010, pp.529-545.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This investigation, conducted in an out-patient mood disorders clinic of a large university-affiliated psychiatric hospital in Canada, examined whether the relation between motivation and interpersonal therapy treatment outcome differs between those with highly recurrent depression and those with less recurrent depression. The researchers surveyed a sample of 74 depressed individuals who received 16 sessions of interpersonal therapy. They found that patients with less recurrent depression who viewed participation in interpersonal therapy treatment as a personally meaningful choice they had freely made were more likely to experience positive treatment outcomes, and that this was not true for those with highly recurrent depression (for this population, autonomous motivation was not related to treatment outcome). They concluded that the results support the view that highly recurrent depression is qualitatively different from less recurrent depression, and that different treatment strategies are needed when working with the two distinct groups.
Impact of persistent substance misuse on 1-year outcome in first-episode psychosis
- Author:
- TURKINGTON Aidan
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(3), September 2009, pp.242-248.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
... (n = 272). Clinical assessments were performed at baseline and at 1 year (n = 194) and data were collected from the case notes. Individuals with persistent substance misuse had more severe depression, more positive symptoms, poorer functional outcome and greater rates of relapse at 1 year than those who stopped and those who had never misused substances. There were no differences in outcome between
Don't bin the pills just yet
- Author:
- BRODY Simeon
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 13.03.08, 2008, pp.28-29.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
A recent meta-analysis of published and unpublished trials into the effectiveness of modern antidepressants raised doubts over the efficacy of anti-depressants. Although the drug companies have challenged the findings, for some it is confirmation that it is psychological treatments that hold many of the answers.
Outcome of major depression in Ethiopia: population-based study
- Authors:
- MOGGA Souci, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(3), September 2006, pp.241-246.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The outcome and impact of major depression in developing countries are not clear. The aim was to describe the outcome of major depression and compare the disability and patterns of service use among different outcome groups. In a case cohort study, nested within a population-based survey of 68 000 participants using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), 300 participants were randomly selected from those with current major depression and 300 from those with no lifetime history. Participants were re-interviewed after 18-62 months to ascertain current diagnosis, psychological symptoms, disability and use of health services. Of participants with major depression at baseline 26% also met criteria for major depression at follow up. Mortality ratio standardised for age and gender was 3.55 (95% C11.97 to 6.39). All indices of measure of disability were significantly higher in the persistently depressed group compared with the completely recovered group. Participants who had recovered partially resembled participants with persistent depression. Two-thirds of those with persistent depression had not sought any help. Major depression was associated with mortality and disability.
Experiences of depression, the role of social support and its impact on health outcomes
- Authors:
- SMITH Lorriane, HILL Nicholas, KOKANOVIC Renata
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 24(6), 2015, pp.342-346.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: Little research has been conducted into the value of support from the perspective of the person experiencing depression, or the types of support that are valued. Aim: This article aims to identify the beneficial sources of social support, what form these took, and when and how these sources of support helped. Methods: Narrative interviews with a maximum variation sample of 42 Australians who had experienced depression. Interviews were audio and/or video recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a coding framework and thematic analysis. Results: Themes included 'early warning system,' 'staying the course' and 'striving for normality.' Practical support made a difference to participants’ health outcomes such as hospitalisation and access to therapy. Seemingly invisible sources of support were recognised and acknowledged by participants particularly when they were seeking to maintain wellness. Conclusions: Support varied according to the trajectory of the depression experience. Some forms of support can make a real difference to health outcomes. The authors propose an alternative interpretation to current understandings about the role of social support. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- VØLLESTAD Jon, NIELSEN Morten Birkeland, NIELSEN Geir Høstmark
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(3), September 2012, pp.239-260.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions (MABIs) are receiving increasing attention in the treatment of mental disorders. This systematic review of 19 studies examined research on MABIs for patients with diagnoses of anxiety disorders. Meta-analysis of within-group pre- to post-treatment effects yielded overall Hedges’g effect sizes of 1.08 for anxiety symptoms and 0.85 for depression symptoms. For controlled studies, overall between-group Hedges’g was 0.83 for anxiety symptoms and 0.72 for depression symptoms. No significant moderating effects were found on the variables examined, apart from an observed superiority in effect size for clinical trials on samples of patients with mixed anxiety disorders. However, differential effect sizes indicated benefits of adding specific
Group person-based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: a pilot randomized controlled trial
- Authors:
- STRAUSS Clara, HAYWARD Mark, CHADWICK Paul
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(3), September 2012, pp.345-350.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Fifteen per cent of people diagnosed with major depression will experience a chronic course of the condition. This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessed Person-Based Cognitive Therapy (PBCT), an integration of cognitive therapy and mindfulness, as a treatment for chronic depression. Twenty-eight participants with chronic depression were randomly allocated to treatment as usual (TAU) or PBCT group plus TAU. Assessments of depression and mindfulness were conducted before and after therapy. Intention-to-treat analysis found significant group by time interactions for both depression and mindfulness. Secondary analyses showed depression and mindfulness scores significantly improved for PBCT participants but not for TAU participants, with 64% of PBCT participants showing reliable improvement in depression, compared with 0% of TAU participants. The authors concluded that PBCT was a promising treatment for chronic depression. Implications for future research are discussed.
The dynamic interplay between negative and positive emotions in daily life predicts response to treatment in depression: A momentary assessment study
- Authors:
- WICHERS Marieke, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(2), June 2012, pp.206-222.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The treatment of depressive illness aims to restore the imbalance between an excess of negative affect (NA) and a shortage of positive affect (PA). However, no study has examined how NA and PA may influence each other in depression. This study investigated how NA and PA dynamically influenced each other in depression and how this may impact on treatment response. Forty seven participants dynamics in individuals with previous depressive episodes. Their daily life boosts of PA were followed by a stronger suppression of NA over subsequent hours than in other depressed groups. The authors concluded that small individual differences in daily life emotional dynamics predicted future treatment outcome in depression.
Collaborative care for major depressive disorder in an occupational healthcare setting
- Authors:
- VLASVELD M. C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(6), June 2012, pp.510-511.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
... of their results and suggest that further research is needed to confirm whether collaborative care has added value for individuals with at least moderately severe depression.