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A randomized controlled trial of an HIV/AIDS Symptom Management Manual for depressive symptoms
- Authors:
- ELLER Lucille S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 25(4), 2013, pp.391-399.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of the HIV/AIDS Symptom Management Manual self-care symptom management strategies compared with a nutrition manual on depressive symptoms in an international sample of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). The sample consisted of a sub-group (N=222) of participants in a larger study symptom management study who reported depressive symptoms. Participants were based in South Africa, Puerto Rico, and 10 US sites in six states. Depressive symptoms of the intervention (n=124) and control (n=98) groups were compared over three months: baseline, one-month, and two-months. Use and effectiveness of specific strategies were examined. Depressive symptom frequency at baseline varied significantly by country. Within the intervention group there were significant differences across time in depressive symptom frequency, intensity, and impact, and these were significantly lower at one month but not at two months, suggesting that self-care strategies are effective in reducing depressive symptoms, however effects may be short term. Most used and most effective self-care strategies were distraction techniques and prayer. This study suggests that people living with HIV can be taught and will employ self-care strategies for management of depressive symptoms and that these strategies are effective in reducing these symptoms. Self-care strategies are noninvasive, have no side-effects, and can be readily taught as an adjunct to other forms of treatment. Studies are needed to identify the most effective self-care strategies and quantify optimum dose and frequency of use as a basis for evidence-based practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Impact of social support on cognitive symptom burden in HIV/AIDS
- Authors:
- ATKINS Jana H., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(7), July 2010, pp.793-802.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
As many as 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS report cognitive difficulties, which can be associated with objective neuropsychological impairments and depression. A number of studies have demonstrated an association between higher social support and lower rates of depression. This study examined the role social support may play in attenuating the effects of both neuropsychological status and depression on cognitive difficulties. A cross-sectional survey of 357 adult men with HIV in Toronto, Canada completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, questionnaires about cognitive difficulties and depression, and an interview that included an assessment of perceived level of social support. A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher levels of cognitive symptom burden were significantly associated with depression while lower levels of cognitive symptom burden were significantly associated with greater social support and higher level of education. There was a significant interaction between neuropsychological status and depression; the presence of neuropsychological impairment with depression was associated with higher levels of cognitive symptom burden. There was also a significant interaction between social support and depression. Interestingly, social support was also associated with a lower cognitive symptom burden for non-depressed individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The article concludes by discussing the clinical implications of these findings for promoting psychological well-being in persons living with HIV/AIDS.
Trauma, stressful life events and depression predict HIV-related fatigue
- Authors:
- LESERMAN J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 20(10), November 2008, pp.1258-1265.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Despite the fact that fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom among HIV-infected persons, we know little about the predictors of fatigue in this population. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effects of early childhood trauma, recent stressful life events and depression on intensity and impairment of fatigue in HIV, over and above demographic factors and clinical
The impact of mental health, sexual desire and sexual importance on the sexual behaviour of women with HIV
- Authors:
- CRAFT S.M., SEROVICH J.M.
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 19(10), November 2007, pp.1219-1222.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
HIV infection is increasing among women in the US, particularly among racial minority groups. The hypothesized theoretical model considered the extent to which indicators of depression, sexual desire and sexual importance would predict whether sexual behaviour would occur for a sample of 96 women with HIV. The results of this study supported previous findings that depression significantly
Perceived stress in HIV-infected individuals: physiological and psychological correlates
- Authors:
- HAND G.A., PHILLIPS K.D., DUDGEON W.D.
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 18(8), November 2006, pp.1011-1017.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
... a very significant correlation between perceived stress and each of the following variables: state and trait anxiety, depression, HIV-related symptoms, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness and fatigue. Further, the model suggests that psychological factors may contribute to perceived stress in this population more than psychological factors such as HIV-related symptomatology or stage of disease.
Potency and vulnerability: troubled ‘selves’ in the context of antiretroviral therapy
- Authors:
- PERSSON Asha, NEWMAN Christy
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 63(6), September 2006, pp.1586-1596.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
... as “potent”, can have a number of troubling effects on a person's everyday sense of self, including insomnia, confusion, cognitive disorders, depression, depersonalisation, psychosis, and suicidal ideation. While efavirenz may be clinically effective in its capacity to suppress the virus, these effects are at odds with the implicit aim of HIV medicine to restore and secure the self by way of immunological
Post-traumatic stress disorder among recently diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS in South Africa
- Authors:
- OLLEY B.O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 17(5), July 2005, pp.550-557.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examined the prevalence of and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa. One hundred and forty-nine (44 male, 105 female) recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients were evaluated. Subjects were assessed using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Carver Brief COPE coping scale and the Sheehan Disability Scale. In addition, previous exposures to trauma and past risk behaviours were assessed. Twenty-two patients (14.8%) met criteria for PTSD. Current psychiatric conditions more likely to be associated with PTSD included major depressive disorder, suicidality and social anxiety disorder. Further patients with PTSD reported significantly more work impairment and demonstrated a trend towards higher usage of alcohol as a means of coping. Discriminant function analysis indicated that female gender and a history of sexual violation in the past year were significantly associated with a diagnosis of PTSD. Patients whose PTSD was a direct result of an HIV/AIDS diagnosis (8/22) did not differ from other patients with PTSD on demographic or clinical features. In the South African context, PTSD is not an uncommon disorder in patients with HIV/AIDS. In some cases, PTSD is secondary to the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS but in most cases it is seen after other traumas, with sexual violation and intimate partner violence in women being particularly important.
Social support and unsupportive social interactions: their association with depression among people living with HIV
- Authors:
- INGRAM K.M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 11(3), June 1999, pp.313-329.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
... (USII). Identifies four types of unsupportive or upsetting responses and finds out their association with depression among people living with HIV.
The contribution of adult attachment and perceived social support to depressive symptoms in patients with HIV
- Authors:
- HINNEN Chris, et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 24(12), 2012, pp.1535-1542.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
A person's attachment style is known to be linked to his or her adaptation to major life events and chronic illnesses in adulthood. In general, an insecure attachment style has been found to increase susceptibility to developing more depressive symptoms. This study investigated the relationship between adult attachment style and depression in patients recruited from an HIV clinic in the Netherlands; perceived social support was investigated as a potential mediator. A sample of 233 HIV-infected patients (90% male) completed questionnaires assessing adult attachment style (Relationship Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), and perceived social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey). After controlling for demographic and medical variables, an insecure
HIV and depression: a systematic review of interventions
- Authors:
- SHERR Lorraine;, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Psychology, Health and Medicine, 16(5), October 2011, pp.493-527.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis Group
- Place of publication:
- United Kingdom
Evidence on 90 interventions reporting on depression as an outcome in HIV positive participants was included in this review. The studies were almost all from North America and study participants were mostly adult males. Only seven studies measured depression as the sole outcome. A wide range of measures of depression were used and clinical cut-off points varied, so that prevalence rates could