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Depression in relation to purpose in life among a very old population: a five-year follow-up study
- Authors:
- HEDBERG Pia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 14(6), August 2010, pp.757-763.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study investigated whether purpose in life, when adjusted for different background characteristics, can prevent very old people from developing depression. An initial cross-sectional study included 189 participants aged 85-103 years living in northern Sweden. A five year follow-up study was also conducted. In the original study 40 participants of the 189 were depressed and those with depression had significantly lower purpose in life scores. In the follow-up study, 21 of the 78 people assessed were diagnosed as depressed. The researchers found no association between purpose in life and the risk of developing depression after five years, and concluded that a high degree of purpose in life could not prevent the development of depression during a five-year period among very old men
Comparison of two self-rating scale to detect depression: HADS and PHQ-9
- Authors:
- HANSSON Maja, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of General Practice, 59(566), September 2009, pp.650-654.
- Publisher:
- Royal College of General Practitioners
More than half of patients with depression go undetected. Self-rating scales can be useful in screening for depression, and measuring severity and treatment outcome. This study compares the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) with regard to their psychometric properties, and investigates their agreement at different cut-off scores. Swedish primary care patients and psychiatric outpatients (n = 737) who reported symptoms of depression completed the self-rating scales. Data were collected from 2006 to 2007. Analyses with respect to internal consistency, factor analysis, and agreement at recommended cut-offs were performed. Both scales had high internal consistency and stable factor structures. It is concluded that the HADS and PHQ-9 are both quick and reliable. The HADS has the advantage of evaluating both depression and anxiety, and the PHQ-9 of being strictly based upon the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The agreement between the scales at the best suitable cut-off is moderate, although the identified prevalence was similar. This indicates that the scales do not fully identify the same cases.
Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial
- Authors:
- ANDERSSON Gerhard, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(5), November 2005, pp.456-461.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Major depression can be treated by means of cognitive – behavioural therapy, but as skilled therapists are in short supply there is a need for self-help approaches. Many individuals with depression use the internet for discussion of symptoms and to share their experience. The aim was to investigate the effects of an internet-administered self-help programme including participation in a monitored, with activity in a discussion group, resulted in greater reductions of depressive symptoms compared with activity in a discussion group only (waiting-list control group). At 6 months’ follow-up, improvement was maintained to a large extent. Internet-delivered cognitive cognitive–behavioural therapy should be pursued further as a complement or treatment alternative for mild-to-moderate depression.
Cardiovascular fitness in males at age 18 and risk of serious depression in adulthood: Swedish prospective population-based study
- Authors:
- ÅBERG Maria A. I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 201(5), November 2012, pp.352-359.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Epidemiological studies suggest that there is an association between self-reported sedentary life-style and depression. Most of the work to date has focussed on adults but evidence is emerging of a similar link in adolescents. However prospective studies are few and follow up times generally quite short. This study was designed to determine whether cardiovascular fitness at age 18 is associated with future risk of serious affective illness. A Swedish cohort of male conscripts (n = 1 117 292) born between 1950–1987 with no history of mental illness was followed for between 3 and 40 years. Data on cardiovascular fitness at conscription were linked with national hospital registers to calculate future risk of depression (requiring in-patient care) and bipolar disorder. Low cardiovascular fitness was associated with increased risk for serious depression (HR = 1.96) but there was no association with bipolar disorder. Associations were only slightly attenuated after controlling for confounders including familial factors. The results indicate that lower cardiovascular fitness at age 18 is associated with an increased risk of serious depression in adulthood. The authors believe that these results strengthen the theory of a cardiovascular contribution to the aetiology of depression.
What matters, and what matters most, for change in life satisfaction in the oldest-old? A study over 6 years among individuals 80+
- Authors:
- INGEBORG BERG Anna, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 13(2), March 2009, pp.191-201.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The study investigates whether markers of life satisfaction identified in a cross-sectional study-quality of social network, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, locus of control and widowhood, in addition to financial satisfaction and the personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism-predict change in life satisfaction (LSI-Z) across four measurement occasions during a 6-year period in individuals aged 80+. Data were drawn from the Swedish OCTO-Twin-study of individuals aged 80 and older. Growth curve analysis showed a relatively consistent significant linear decline in life satisfaction, but certain markers predicted change in life satisfaction. The loss of spouse, in particular in men, and higher levels of depressive symptoms were related to lower levels of life satisfaction over time. The results from the study question the notion of a life-long stability of life satisfaction.
Depression in the oldest old in urban and rural municipalities
- Authors:
- BERGDAHL E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 11(5), September 2007, pp.570-578.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The aim was to compare an urban and a rural old population regarding depression. A population-based, cross-sectional study in five depopulated areas and one expanding urban city in northern Sweden. Participants aged 85 and above were evaluated for depression. Data were collected from structured interviews and assessments and from relatives, caregivers and medical charts. Depression was screened for using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) and evaluated by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). In total, 29% of the 363 participants were depressed (34% in the rural municipality and 27% in the urban municipality). Fifty-one percent versus 69% were receiving treatment with antidepressants. In the rural areas, those with depression were less frequently treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications (36% versus 65%; p = 0.004), instead there were participants treated with Tri Cyclic Antidepressant's (TCA's) (10%, versus 0%; p = 0.0018). A larger proportion of the participants in the urban sample had responded to treatment (59% versus 27%; p = 0.175). It is concluded that depression in old age appears to be a common cause of emotional suffering among the oldest old. In the rural areas, depression was more often inadequately treated and it was also treated with inappropriate medications.
Specificity in the relationships between stressors and depressed mood among adolescents: the roles of gender and self-efficacy
- Authors:
- BANCILA Delia, MITTELMARK Maurice B.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 7(2), May 2005, pp.4-14.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The study's aim was to test for hypothesised specificity in the relationships of stressors (interpersonal stress and worries about daily living) with depressed mood among Romanian adolescents. Six hundred and thirty adolescents in grades 7, 9 and 11 in Bucharest schools participated. Structural equation models assessed the degree to which efforts of stressors on depressed mood were mediated through social support and self-efficacy, and moderated by gender and self-efficacy. Neither social support nor self-efficacy had direct or mediating roles in predicting depressed mood among girls. Among boys, social support and self-efficacy played significant roles in the connection between interpersonal stress and depressed mood. Among girls, daily worries were associated with depressed mood only among those with low self-efficacy, and interpersonal stress was associated with depressed mood only among those with high self-efficacy. The data presented here show that different stressors have different relationships to a single outcome - depressed mood - conditioned by gender and self-efficacy.
Boys don't cry: therapeutic encounters with depressed boys and factors contributing to success
- Authors:
- JOHANSSON Annchristin, OLSSON Mariann
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 11(6), 2013, pp.530-541.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This Swedish study explores factors contributing to success in therapeutic encounters with depressed boys using a grounded theory approach. Qualitative interviews were performed with therapists from Child and Youth Psychiatry, School Health Care, Social Service, and Youth Clinics about their contact with depressed boys. The results show that two core categories proved important for success. The notion of the male role (“boys don't cry”), both from therapist and boys, was of importance in the contact. Secondly, that alliance cannot be built on mere words (“words are not enough”); activity and creativity are needed. Conclusions show that active and creative therapists succeed in creating therapeutic alliance with depressed boys. (Edited publisher abstract)
Interests among older people in relation to gender, function and health-related quality of life
- Authors:
- KÄLLDALEN Anette, MARCUSSON Jan, WRESSLE Ewa
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 76(2), 2013, pp.87-93.
- Publisher:
- Sage
... in ordinary housing in Sweden in relation to gender, cognition, depression and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A sample of 240 participants completed a postal questionnaire, including the EuroQoL HRQoL measurement. Additional instruments used during a subsequent home visit were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Mini Mental State Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale. Women
Structural and cognitive social capital and depression among older adults in two Nordic regions
- Authors:
- FORSMAN A.K., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 16(6), August 2012, pp.771-779.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examined the association between structural and cognitive aspects of social capital and depression among older adults in Finland and Sweden. Data were retrieved from a postal survey targeting 6,838 older adults aged 65, 70, 75 and 80 years. The associations between structural and cognitive aspects of social capital and depression were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-4. Findings indicated that low structural and cognitive social capital as defined in the study showed statistically significant associations with depression in older adults. Only experienced trust in neighbours failed to show significant association with depression. In addition, being single and 80 suggested a higher risk of depression as defined by GDS-4. The findings highlighted the connection between adequate levels of both structural and cognitive individual social capital and mental health in later life. They also suggested that the connection differs depending on various network types; the cognitive aspect of relationships between friends was connected to depression, while the connection was not found for neighbours.