Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 12(3), 2013, pp.348-358.
Publisher:
Sage
As dementia progresses problems of understanding emerge. Eventually spoken language can be lost. And yet, even into the severer stages of dementia, close carers can often understand the person in a variety of ways. Loss of language is not just a practical problem. It raises philosophical issues too. As Wittgenstein suggested, understanding entails grasping a form of life. Our understanding
(Publisher abstract)
As dementia progresses problems of understanding emerge. Eventually spoken language can be lost. And yet, even into the severer stages of dementia, close carers can often understand the person in a variety of ways. Loss of language is not just a practical problem. It raises philosophical issues too. As Wittgenstein suggested, understanding entails grasping a form of life. Our understanding of agitated, pacing behaviour is similarly based on a unique history, on culture, on context. Hence, a philosophy gestures at the foundations of care. There is the potential to feel the person’s meaning, even when it cannot be spoken. This is not simply by means of an alternative to language. The philosophy suggests that our engagement with the person is through and through. Understanding anyone is more like an aesthetic judgement than a cognitive act.
(Publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
dementia, communication, person-centred care, behaviour;
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(7), July 2008, pp.677-684.
Publisher:
Wiley
The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the behaviour rating scale for dementia (BRSD-K) for evaluating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The BRSD-K was administered to the informants of 268 subjects with dementia. Internal, inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities were tested. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was performed...
The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the behaviour rating scale for dementia (BRSD-K) for evaluating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The BRSD-K was administered to the informants of 268 subjects with dementia. Internal, inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities were tested. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was performed. To evaluate concurrent validity, Pearson correlation coefficients between BRSD-K scores and the corresponding scores of the Korean version of the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI-K) were calculated. BRSD-K demonstrated substantially high levels of reliabilities. Factor analysis identified seven factors: depressive symptoms, irritability/aggression, psychotic symptoms, behavioural dysregulations, sleep disturbance, inertia and appetite. Correlations between BRSD-K and corresponding NPI-K scores were statistically significant. BRSD-K was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
Aging and Mental Health, 11(6), November 2007, pp.686-698.
Publisher:
Taylor and Francis
An operational definition of dementia-related wandering is proposed to aid in clinical recognition, to promote research precision and validity, and to provide a pathway toward standardization of language in wandering science. (1) One-hundred-and-eighty-three journal articles from multiple databases (Medline, OVID, CSA Journals, OCLC First Search, Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO) were reviewed...
An operational definition of dementia-related wandering is proposed to aid in clinical recognition, to promote research precision and validity, and to provide a pathway toward standardization of language in wandering science. (1) One-hundred-and-eighty-three journal articles from multiple databases (Medline, OVID, CSA Journals, OCLC First Search, Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO) were reviewed to extract alternative terms and definitions for wandering or wandering-related behaviours; (2) terms and definitions were ordered alphabetically into a glossary; (3) a consensus approach was used to group glossary terms with related meanings into possible domains of wandering; (4) four domains (locomotion, drive, space and time) were found sufficient to encompass all wandering definitions; (5) wandering terms were placed into a conceptual map bounded by the four domain concepts and (6) a new provisional definition of wandering was formulated. An empirically-based, operational definition improves clinical and research approaches to wandering and explicates historical inattention to certain beneficial aspects of the behaviour. Adoption of the proposed operational definition of wandering behaviour provides a platform upon which dementia care may be improved and standardized language may evolve in wandering science.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(6), June 2007, pp.568-573.
Publisher:
Wiley
dementia or depression, and in 241 healthy subjects. The prevalence of IB in the three groups was determined and the association with possible demographic, cognitive, and non-cognitive variables analysed. Subtle naïve IB was frequent in the elderly with dementia, intermediate in the depressed, and rare in the normal elderly except that the latter frequently stretched out their arms. Obstinate IB never
The clinical significance of imitation behaviour (IB) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of subtle naïve and obstinate IB in convenience samples of normal elderly, demented, and depressed subjects. Subtle IB was assessed using a protocol constructed ad hoc in 146 patients, consecutively referred to a memory clinic having received an ICD-10 diagnosis of either dementia or depression, and in 241 healthy subjects. The prevalence of IB in the three groups was determined and the association with possible demographic, cognitive, and non-cognitive variables analysed. Subtle naïve IB was frequent in the elderly with dementia, intermediate in the depressed, and rare in the normal elderly except that the latter frequently stretched out their arms. Obstinate IB never occurred in the normal elderly. IB was predicted by none of the variables used. The groups included were convenience samples with the depressed being a small group precluding further distinction of depressive subtypes. Although naïve IB is a frequent clinical feature in the demented, it also accompanies depressive disorders in the elderly. It can be observed as context-specific IB in the normal elderly. Obstinate IB does not occur in the normal elderly.
Aging and Mental Health, 11(3), May 2007, pp.256-265.
Publisher:
Taylor and Francis
This study examines responses to the 28-item Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale (DBD; Baumgarten, Becker, & Gauthier, 1990) among a national sample of persons with dementia (PWD) in Canada. The results found a 3-factor solution appears to best reflect DBD responses for both institutionalized and community-dwelling PWD. This finding is notable given that the former was significantly more
This study examines responses to the 28-item Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale (DBD; Baumgarten, Becker, & Gauthier, 1990) among a national sample of persons with dementia (PWD) in Canada. The results found a 3-factor solution appears to best reflect DBD responses for both institutionalized and community-dwelling PWD. This finding is notable given that the former was significantly more impaired and presented with significantly greater levels of behavioural disturbance. Support for the factorial validity of these constructs is provided relative to caregiver burden and depressive symptomatology. Of note, only 14 of 28 DBD items were retained in the analyse; on this basis, the authors propose the use of an abridged version of the scale. These findings can be generalized with greater confidence given the random and representative nature of the PWD and caregiver samples.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(7), July 2005, pp.686-693.
Publisher:
Wiley
This research aims to investigate cognitive and affective differences between patients with and without repetitive behaviours, and to identify themes and carer attributions for the function of such behaviours. Fifty-four participants aged 65 attending a geriatric out-patient clinic and an Alzheimer's Clinic in Dublin, meeting NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD, were assessed using the MMSE, WMS-III word list, Trailmaking test, Stroop, Modified WCST, Cornell Scale for Depression, DEX and a repetitive behaviour questionnaire. Regression analyses were used to identify significant predictors of repetitive behaviour. Repetitive behaviours were manifest in 87% of the sample, with questions (68.5%) and statements/stories (61.1%) the most common types. Repetitive questions were predicted by high MMSE score, low immediate list recall score and female gender. Repetitive statements/stories were predicted by dysexecutiveness and younger age. Repetitive actions were predicted by longer illness duration, depressive symptoms and dysexecutiveness. Themes and patterns were evident in repetitive behaviour. The study results concluded that repetitive behaviours were common in a sample of patients with AD referred to hospital clinics. Vocal and motor repetitive behaviours were predicted by different cognitive, demographic and mood variables.
This research aims to investigate cognitive and affective differences between patients with and without repetitive behaviours, and to identify themes and carer attributions for the function of such behaviours. Fifty-four participants aged 65 attending a geriatric out-patient clinic and an Alzheimer's Clinic in Dublin, meeting NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD, were assessed using the MMSE, WMS-III word list, Trailmaking test, Stroop, Modified WCST, Cornell Scale for Depression, DEX and a repetitive behaviour questionnaire. Regression analyses were used to identify significant predictors of repetitive behaviour. Repetitive behaviours were manifest in 87% of the sample, with questions (68.5%) and statements/stories (61.1%) the most common types. Repetitive questions were predicted by high MMSE score, low immediate list recall score and female gender. Repetitive statements/stories were predicted by dysexecutiveness and younger age. Repetitive actions were predicted by longer illness duration, depressive symptoms and dysexecutiveness. Themes and patterns were evident in repetitive behaviour. The study results concluded that repetitive behaviours were common in a sample of patients with AD referred to hospital clinics. Vocal and motor repetitive behaviours were predicted by different cognitive, demographic and mood variables.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(6), June 2005, pp.531-536.
Publisher:
Wiley
Although several studies have mentioned associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms, there have been no prospective studies determining interrelations among behavioural sub-syndromes. In this study one hundred and ninety-nine patients with dementia from the Netherlands were assessed every six months for two-years, using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms...
Although several studies have mentioned associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms, there have been no prospective studies determining interrelations among behavioural sub-syndromes. In this study one hundred and ninety-nine patients with dementia from the Netherlands were assessed every six months for two-years, using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms. The results found that age, sex, and socioeconomic status were not associated with a specific neuropsychiatric symptom. Greater cognitive impairment was related to more severe psychosis, and dementia stage influenced the course of total NPI problems. There were strong interrelations among most behavioural sub-syndromes. The sub-syndrome hyperactivity was of influence on the development of psychosis, but not vice versa. Neither was the sub-syndrome mood/apathy of influence on the course of psychosis. Concludes that while different neuropsychiatric symptoms have their own specific correlates, there is a strong interrelationship between behavioural sub-syndromes. The data have implications for clinicians and the nosology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.
Journal of Dementia Care, 11(2), March 2003, pp.18-20.
Publisher:
Hawker
The authors discuss how their dance sessions with people with dementia were able to combine exercise with creative expression. The 10-week project provided weekly dance sessions on both continuing care wards and day hospitals, and were supported by the therapy department in Old Ate Psychiatry at Stockport NHS Trust. The aim was to stimulate people and engage them in a positive experience.
The authors discuss how their dance sessions with people with dementia were able to combine exercise with creative expression. The 10-week project provided weekly dance sessions on both continuing care wards and day hospitals, and were supported by the therapy department in Old Ate Psychiatry at Stockport NHS Trust. The aim was to stimulate people and engage them in a positive experience.
Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 16(3), 2017, pp.344-359.
Publisher:
Sage
A quasi-experimental study using a pre–posttest design was conducted in four aged care facilities to assess the effects of a person-centred care (PCC) multisensory stimulation (MSS) and motor stimulation (MS) programme, implemented by direct care workers, on the behaviours of residents with dementia. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention through video recordings of morning...
(Edited publisher abstract)
A quasi-experimental study using a pre–posttest design was conducted in four aged care facilities to assess the effects of a person-centred care (PCC) multisensory stimulation (MSS) and motor stimulation (MS) programme, implemented by direct care workers, on the behaviours of residents with dementia. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention through video recordings of morning care routines. Forty-five residents with moderate and severe dementia participated in the study. A total of 266 morning care routines were recorded. The frequency and duration of a list of behaviours were analysed. The frequency of engagement in task decreased significantly (p = .002) however, its duration increased (p = .039). The duration of gaze directed at direct care workers improved significantly (p = .014) and the frequency of closed eyes decreased (p = .046). There was a significant decrease in the frequency of the expression of sadness. These results support the implementation of PCC–MSS and MS programmes as they may stimulate residents' behaviours.
(Edited publisher abstract)
Subject terms:
behaviour, older people, dementia, person-centred care, intervention;