Search results for ‘Subject term:"conduct disorders"’ Sort:
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Comparisons of daily stress, coping, problem behavior, and cognitive distortions in adolescent sexual offenders and conduct-disordered youth
- Authors:
- HASTINGS Teri, ANDERSON Stephen J., HEMPHILL Phillip
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(1), January 1997, pp.29-42.
- Publisher:
- Sage
American adolescent sexual offenders were compared with conduct-disordered youth and control adolescents on measures of stress, coping, problem behaviour, and cognitive distortions. The results found that socialised aggression is a discriminating factor between adolescent sexual offenders and conduct disordered youth and supports the theory that conduct and youth associate with other delinquent peers. In terms of stress the current study suggests that hypothesis that maladaptive behaviour may be exhibited to some extent regardless of environmental stress. No differences in daily stressors were observed for adolescent groups, which indicates that problem youth experience daily stress comparable to other adolescents, but they cope maladaptively in response to it.
Carer burden in apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease
- Authors:
- LEROI Iracema, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(2), February 2012, pp.160-166.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative movement disorder which includes behaviour disturbances such as apathy and impulse control disorders (ICDs). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between carer burden and apathy, impulsivity and ICDs in PD. A total of 71 non-demented participants with PD and their carers from the north west of England were included in the study. The PD participants were divided into 3 behavioural groups: 21 with ICDs; 22 with apathy; and 28 controls. The 3 groups were compared for level of burden in their carers by using the Zarit Burden Interview. The findings revealed that greater burden was seen in carers of PD participants with ICDs or apathy compared with carers of PD participants without such behavioural disturbances. Linear regression models revealed that impaired attention accounted for burden in carers of the group with apathy, whereas dopaminergic load and depression accounted for burden in carers of the group with impulsivity.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome: behaviour problems of children and adolescents and parental stress
- Authors:
- BRIEGEL W., SCHNEIDER M., SCHWAB K Otfried
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(6), November 2008, pp.795-800.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
22q11.2 deletion syndrome can be associated with a variety of somatic symptoms, developmental delays and psychiatric disorders. This study investigates behaviour problems of children and adolescents with 22q11.2DS, and their primary caregivers' stress. Parents of 4-17 year old subjects known to the German 22q11.2 deletion syndrome foundation were anonymously asked to fill out several questionnaires, e.g. the Child Behavior Checklist 4–18 (CBCL/4–18). The primary caregivers of 77/126 children sent back filled-out questionnaires. Forty-six of 76 subjects were rated as clinical on at least one of the CBCL-scales. Males had significantly higher scores on the total problems scale and the internalizing problems scale than females. The patients' age correlated with several CBCL-scales. Eleven of 49 subjects were suspicious of an autism spectrum disorder. Compared with the general population, but not with other parents of mentally and/or physically handicapped children, the primary caregivers experienced higher levels of stress, but showed normal life satisfaction. In spite of high rates of clinical behaviour problems among children and adolescents with 22q11.2DS and despite increased parental stress, most primary caregivers seem to have effective coping strategies, e.g. partnership support, to sustain normal levels of life satisfaction.
Subjective cognitive complaints, neuropsychological performance, affective and behavioural symptoms in non-demented patients
- Authors:
- GALLASSI Roberto, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(1), January 2008, pp.95-101.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) have been previously investigated to establish whether they are risk factors for dementia, but no clear-cut conclusions have emerged. In this study non-demented patients with SCC were studied and the neuropsychological findings, affective and behavioural aspects and parameters with the highest correct classifications in discriminating patients who had only SCC but no objective clinical and neuropsychological impairment, i.e. no cognitive impairment (NCI) patients and those with objective neuropsychological deficits, namely patients with mild cognitive (MCI) were analyzed Consecutive non-demented outpatients with SCC were enrolled of over 9 months and examined using neuropsychological tests and scales for depression, anxiety and behaviour. Clinical criteria and neuropsychological test results were used to classify patients into groups of NCI, MCI and subtypes of MCI. Ninety-two patients with SCC were included; 49 of them had objective deficits (MCI patients), whereas 43 were without any clinical and cognitive impairment (NCI patients). These patients had lower age, higher education and better general cognitive indices than MCI patients who had higher caregiver distress, depression and irritability. The combination of a battery for mental deterioration and for behavioural memory assessment were the most discriminative in differentiating the two groups. An objective cognitive impairment, reaching the criteria for a MCI diagnosis, was present in almost half of patients having SCC. MCI patients have more behavioural disturbances than NCI subjects. SCC should not be underestimated and appropriate neuropsychological assessment is required to reassure subjects with normal results and to identify patients with MCI.
Dedication to duty tests a wife's endurance
- Author:
- ISAACS Ron
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dementia Care, 7(2), March 1999, pp.26-27.
- Publisher:
- Hawker
Caring at home for a partner who has dementia can become a heavy burden. This article explores the complex issues and difficulties experienced by one dedicated and devoted carer.
School age children's coping with sexual abuse: abuse stresses and symptoms associated with four coping strategies
- Authors:
- CHAFFIN Mark, WHERRY Jeffrey N., DYKMAN Roscoe
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(2), February 1997, pp.227-240.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Evaluates strategies used by sexually abused children in the USA, ages 7 to 12, to cope with their abuse, along with child reported abuse-related symptoms, parent-reported behavioural symptoms, and teacher-reported behavioural symptoms. Principal components analysis of coping yielded four strategies that were labelled avoidant coping, internalised coping, angry coping, and active/social coping. Each coping strategy was found to be associated with a unique set of abuse characteristics, abuse related social environment, and symptoms. In contrast to finds with adult survivors and adolescents, use of avoidant coping strategies among school-age children was found to be related to fewer behavioural problems, although it was also associated with greater sexual anxieties. Internalised coping was found to be associated with increased guilt and PTSD hyperarousal symptoms. Active/social coping was the only strategy found to be unrelated to symptoms, but neither was it associated with measured benefits. In contrast to some clinical opinion that externalising blame and venting anger is a helpful strategy, angry coping was found to be associated with a wide range of behavioural and emotional problems as rated by the child's home-room school teacher. Results are discussed in terms of proposed mediational model.
Predictors of high level of burden and distress in caregivers of demented patients: results of an Italian multicenter study
- Authors:
- RINALDI P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(2), February 2005, pp.168-174.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Considerable suffering is experienced by carers of patients with dementia. Most existing studies do not consider the coexistence of subjective and objective aspects that cause, interacting to each other, this suffering. The authors: (1) define the high-risk group of caregivers on the bases of the scores obtained on the four scales evaluating burden, distress, depression and anxiety (BDDA) taken into account simultaneously and (2) evaluate risk factors related to the high level of BDDA. 419 elderly outpatients with dementia and their caregivers were enrolled. Patients were evaluated for their cognitive, neuropsychological and functional impairment and for comorbidity. Caregivers were evaluated with four scales for the assessment of burden, distress related to neuropsychological disturbances, depression and anxiety. Cluster analysis was used to identify the group with the High level of BDDA (HBDDA). By multiple logistic analysis, disability, specific behavioural disturbances of the patients as well as caregiver's age, type of relationship and living in the south of Italy were observed to be a major risk factor for HBDDA. The targeted use of scales specifically assessing BDDA of the caregiver and the identification of particular patient and caregiver characteristics are able to allow a precise and early definition of caregivers at high risk of burden and distress. This might be helpful in planning the correct social/clinical/rehabilitative approach.
Affective problems in adults with mild learning disability: the roles of social disadvantage and ill health
- Authors:
- COLLISHAW Stephan, MAUGHAN Barbara, PICKLES Andrew
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(10), October 2004, pp.350-351.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Mild learning disability is associated with an increased riskof affective disorder. This study examines the extent to which adult socio-economic disadvantage and ill health contribute to this risk. Samples were drawn from the 1958 National Child Development Study. Relative to a comparison group, mild learning disability at age 11 was associated with elevated rates of depressive symptoms throughout adult life, and carried a six-fold risk of chronic depressed mood. The group difference in depressed mood at age 43 years was in large part mediated by variations in adult socio-economic disadvantage and ill health.
Impact of stressful life events, familial loading and their interaction on the onset of mood disorders: study in a high-risk cohort of adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- MANON H .J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(8), August 2004, pp.97-101.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Stressfullife events are established as risk factors for the onset of mood disorders, but few studies have investigated their impact on the development of mood disorders in adolescents. The aim was to study the effect of life events on the development of mood disorders in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, with respect to the possibility of a decay effect and modification by familial loading. In a high-risk cohort of 140 Dutch adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, we assessed life events, current and past DSM—IV diagnoses and familial loading. To explore their interaction and impact on mood disorder onset, we constructed four different models and used a multivariate survival analysis with time-dependent covariates. The relationship between life events and mood disorder was described optimally with a model in which the effects of life events gradually decayed by 25% per year. The effect of life event load was not significantly stronger in the case of high familial loading. Independent of familial loading, life events increase the liability to mood disorders in children of patients with bipolar disorder but the effects slowly diminish with time.
Attachment and behavioural difficulties in internationally adopted Russian children
- Authors:
- FARINA Lana, LEIFER Myra, CHASNOFF Ira
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption and Fostering, 28(2), Summer 2004, pp.38-49.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Assesses the impact of institutionalisation and parenting stress on the quality of attachment and behavioural difficulties among Russian children adopted by US families. Some children had been diagnosed with an Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) or mild developmental delays. Twenty nine families completed a Demographic Questionnaire, Attachment Security Questionnaire, Child Behaviour Checklist and Parenting Stress Index. It was found that parenting stress was significantly correlated with insecure attachment and increased child behavioural difficulties and attachment insecurity was significantly correlated with the severity of behaviour problems. Length of institutionalisation and age at adoption did not correlated with parents' perceptions of their attachment relationships with their children or the severity of their children's behaviour problems. No differences were found with regard to gender of diagnosis of ARND.