Search results for ‘Subject term:"conduct disorders"’ Sort:
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Adolescent callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder in adoptees exposed to severe early deprivation
- Authors:
- KUMSTA Robert, SONUGA-BARKE Edmund, RUTTER Michael
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), March 2012, pp.197-201.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Although the association between psychopathy and antisocial behaviour is well characterised, the nature of this association remains unclear. This study examined whether callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder can be dissociated in the English and Romanian Adoptee Study, a prospective longitudinal study of adopted individuals with a history of severe early institutional deprivation. The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment was used to establish DSM-IV diagnoses for conduct disorder (and also oppositional defiant disorder) at the 15-year follow-up stage (n=135). The Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits questionnaire was administered to assess psychopathy traits. There was no significant association between callous–unemotional traits and conduct disorder, according to both parent and youth self-report after controlling for confounders. The authors conclude that the majority of individuals with high callous–unemotional traits did not show conduct disorder in this special sample of children. They believe that this supports the view that, while common, an overlap between these aspects of psychopathology is not inevitable and so provides evidence for the dissociation of these two concepts. In terms of classification, they argue for a diagnostic scheme where psychopathy can be diagnosed independently of conduct disorder.
She ate with the dogs
- Author:
- HOPKINS Graham
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 12.10.06, 2006, pp.42-43.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
This article presents the case of a girl with a history of neglect and abuse that led to her behaviour to be difficult to contain. After a series of failed foster placements, three years at a therapeutic school introduced stability.
Behavior problems in school-aged physically abused and neglected children in Spain
- Authors:
- DE PAUL Joaquin, ARRUABARRENA Ignacia
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(4), April 1995, pp.409-418.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Investigates behaviour problems in school-aged physically abused, neglected, and comparison children in the Basque Country (Spain). Follow-up analysis indicated that both abused and neglected children present more social problems, aggressive behaviour and lower school adjustment than the comparison children. Possible explanations of the findings are discussed and their implications for research and treatment are considered.
Risk factors for behavioral dysfunction: the relative impact of maltreatment, ses, physical health problems, cognitive ability, and quality of parent-child interaction
- Authors:
- HERRENKOHL Ellen C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(2), February 1995, pp.191-203.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
An analysis to identify risks for behavioural dysfunction is described in which maltreatment is viewed as one of multiple factors putting behavioural outcome at risk. The study is based on teacher's ratings of whether parenting, family environment, and child characteristics significantly affect children's behavioural functioning. Results indicated that behavioural functioning is most strongly differentiated by the sociocultural and family climate in which the child is raised with physical an emotional maltreatment being significant but less powerful influences.
Associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: a prospective nationally-representative twin study
- Authors:
- STERN Adi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 81, 2018, pp.274-285.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child maltreatment has consistently been found to be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the robustness of this association and the direction of the link between maltreatment and ADHD remain unclear. We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2232 British twins, to investigate the associations between exposure to abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and in young adulthood, and to test their robustness and specificity. We also aimed to test longitudinal associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood, controlling for confounders. Results indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and also in young adulthood. In childhood, the association was concentrated among children with comorbid conduct disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that childhood ADHD predicted abuse/neglect in later years. This association was again concentrated among individuals with comorbid conduct disorder. Abuse/neglect in childhood was not associated with later ADHD in young adulthood after adjusting for childhood ADHD. Our study does not provide support of a causal link between child abuse/neglect and adult ADHD but highlights the possibility of a long-term effect of disruptive behaviors on the risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians treating people with ADHD, especially those with comorbid conduct disorder, to be aware of their increased risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. Interventions aimed at reducing risks of abuse/neglect should also focus on the environment of individuals with disruptive behaviors. (Edited publisher abstract)
Is physical abuse, neglect, or a combination of both more predictive of delinquent behavior in a high-risk population?
- Author:
- PLATT Stefanie B.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 25(2), 2016, pp.145-163.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study explored early abuse type and severity in relation to delinquency utilising an archival longitudinal data set. These data were collected every 2 years, starting at age 4, from the individuals, caregivers, and teachers. Mean differences tests were conducted to determine how delinquency scores varied by abuse type and severity. These analyses used Child Protective Services reports of the type and severity of abuse as independent measures and the behaviour problem scale from the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report, and Teacher Report Form as independent measures. Follow-up analyses of variance and post-hoc tests were conducted as necessary to clarify the relationship between abuse and delinquency. Although results did not reach significance, a relatively small mean difference was discovered between severity types (more severe maltreatment history demonstrating higher levels of delinquency) for teacher ratings of delinquency. (Edited publisher abstract)
Children with behavioral, non-behavioral, and multiple disabilities, and the risk of out-of-home placement disruption
- Author:
- HELTON Jesse J.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(11), November 2011, pp.956-964.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Using data from the US National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, a probability study of children who were part of a child abuse and neglect investigation, this study looked at the relative risk of placement disruption for children with various types of disabilities in kin and non-kin placements. The article describes the measures used for the study, the analysis and results. The study found that around 1 in 4 children placed in out-of-home care experienced a disruption, that placement with kin decreased the likelihood of disruption for a majority of children, and that kinship placements fostering children with different types of disabilities were not more or less likely to disrupt compared to children without a disability. The author concludes that the study presents evidence that placement with kin represents an appropriately stable placement for children aged 3 to 10 years, regardless of disability status.
Psychosocial and cognitive functioning of children with specific profiles of maltreatment
- Authors:
- PEARS Katherine C., KIM Hyoun K., FISHER Philip A.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(10), October 2008, pp.958-971.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Up to 90% of child welfare system cases involve multiple types of maltreatment; however, studies have rarely incorporated multiple dimensions of maltreatment. The present study employed a latent profile analysis to identify naturally occurring subgroups of children who had experienced maltreatment. Reports of maltreatment incidents for 117 preschool-aged foster children were classified along two dimensions: type (e.g., physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, supervisory neglect, or emotional maltreatment) and severity within type. The analyses revealed four distinct profiles showing moderate to high levels of maltreatment: (a) supervisory neglect/emotional maltreatment; (b) sexual abuse/emotional maltreatment/neglect (when not otherwise specified neglect refers to both supervisory and physical neglect); (c) physical abuse/emotional maltreatment/neglect; and (d) sexual abuse/physical abuse/emotional maltreatment/neglect. Profile membership was examined with respect to the children's cognitive functioning and externalizing and internalizing problems: lower cognitive functioning was related to profiles with neglect or physical abuse (or both), externalizing was highest in the sexual abuse/physical abuse/emotional maltreatment/neglect profile, and internalizing was highest in the profiles with physical or sexual abuse (or both). There appear to be distinct profiles of maltreatment among preschoolers that have differential associations to measures of adjustment. Policy and practice implications and future research directions are discussed.
Specificity and heterogeneity in children's responses to profound institutional privation
- Authors:
- RUTTER Michael L., KREPPNER Jana M., O'CONNOR Thomas G.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, August 2001, pp.97-103.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Aims to delineate the behavioural patterns that are specifically associated with institutional privation. A group of 165 children adopted from Romania before the age of 42 months were compared at 4 years and 6 years with 52 non-deprived UK children adopted in infancy. Dysfunction was assessed for seven domains of functioning. Found that attachment problems, inattention/overactivity, quasi-autistic features and cognitive impairment were associated with institutional privation, but emotional difficulties, poor peer relationships and conduct problems were not. Nevertheless, one-fifth of children who spent the longest time in institutions showed normal functioning. Concludes that attachment disorder behaviours, inattention/overactivity and quasi-autistic behaviour constitute institutional privation patterns.
Youth maltreatment and gang involvement
- Authors:
- THOMPSON Kevin M., BRAATEN-ANTRIM Rhonda
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(3), June 1998, pp.328-345.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Although childhood maltreatment has been found to contribute to a variety of youth problem behaviours, the implications of being maltreated on gang involvement remain unclear. This article examines whether physical and sexual maltreatment raises the risk of gang involvement, independent of demographic factors.