Search results for ‘Subject term:"conduct disorders"’ Sort:
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The health effects of childhood abuse: four pathways by which abuse can influence health
- Author:
- KENDALL-TACKETT Kathleen
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(6/7), June 2002, pp.715-729.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Literature on the long-term effects of childhood abuse is organized in a health psychology framework describing behavioral, social, cognitive, and emotional pathways. Key studies from the health psychology and behavioral medicine literature are included to demonstrate how these pathways relate to health. Childhood abuse puts people at risk of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, participating in harmful activities, having difficulties in relationships, and having negative beliefs and attitudes towards others. Each of these increases the likelihood of health problems, and they are highly related to each other.
Is social phobia related to lack of social skills?: duration of skill related behaviours and ratings of behavioural adequacy
- Authors:
- BAKER Sarah A., EDELMANN Robert J.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(3), September 2002, pp.243-257.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this article is to investigate whether social phobics differ from clinically anxious and non clinical comparison groups with regard to their social skills. It was found that social phobics exhibited less eye contact. With regard to ratings of perceived behavioural adequacy for gestures speech fluency and overall performance, the social phobic group was rated as less adequate than both comparison groups.
Pre-intervention assessment for disruptive behaviour problems: a focus on staff needs
- Authors:
- CASSIDY E.L., SHEIKH J.I.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 6(2), May 2002, pp.178-185.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Mental health professionals are often called upon to assist institutions in their struggle to manage the behaviour problems associated with dementia. This article provides an example of a typical behavioural consultation. The various methods of assessment, including topographical. functional and observational are described in the context of planning future interventions. Results indicate that a large proportion of staff time, approximately 40%, is spent implementing such interventions. Although the time required is great, frontline staff are adept at utilizing less invasive interventions first. Implications for subsequent interventions, needs for continued evaluation reassessing levels of staff burden are discussed.
Sexual behaviour problems in sexually abused children: a preliminary typology
- Authors:
- HALL Darlene Kordich, MATHEWS Fred, PEARCE John
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(3), March 2002, pp.289-312.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This Canadian study aimed to develop an empirically derived typology for sexually abused children exhibiting sexual behaviour problems to assist practitioners in differential assessment, treatment, and case planning. Data were systematically gathered from the clinical records of 100 sexually abused children, aged 3 years to 7 years, enrolled in two treatment programmes. Twelve indexes were created corresponding to major areas of child and family history, functioning, and treatment response. After initial sorting into subgroups based on hierarchical cluster analysis. Five distinctive sexual behaviour profiles emerged: developmentally expected; and developmentally problematic interpersonal, unplanned, self-focused, interpersonal, planned (noncoercive), and interpersonal, planned (coercive). Elements of the child's sexual abuse experience, opportunities to learn/practice problematic sexual behaviour, and familial variables best differentiated between the types. The five types differed not only in child sexual behaviour but in most areas of child and family functioning, including treatment outcome. The findings offer support for the development of an empirically-based typology for children with sexual behaviour problems utilising a range of variables which go beyond typical classification systems based on offender and victim characteristics.
Techniques
- Author:
- -
- Journal article citation:
- Addiction Today, 13(75), March 2002,
- Publisher:
- Addiction Recovery Foundation
Looks at how therapists can treat sex addicts.
Personality disorders
- Author:
- MCMURRAN Mary
- Publisher:
- NHS National Programme on Forensic Mental Health Research and Development
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 36p.,bibliog
- Place of publication:
- Liverpool
Personality disorders are psychiatric conditions relating to functional impairment, or psychological distress resulting from inflexible and maladaptive personality traits. Having a diagnosis of personality disorder can be the basis on which an offender is diverted to health services, although most personality-disordered offenders are not classified and are dealt with in non-psychiatric settings, such as prison and probation services. Personality-disordered offenders are more likely than mentally ill offenders to re-offend after discharge from hospital. At present, compulsory detention of offenders with personality disorders is dependent upon them being deemed treatable. However, proposed changes to the mental health legislation are likely to introduce detention without the need for establishing treatability, at least for a subgroup of dangerous people with severe personality disorder. This requires there to be: valid and reliable methods of identifying personality disorder; agreement on what is meant by ‘severe personality disorder’; the ability accurately to measure ‘dangerousness’. Once detained, dangerous people with severe personality disorder will have a plan of care and treatment, and this needs to be based on evidence of effective management and reduction of risk.
Adolescent females who have sexually offended: comparisons with delinquent adolescent female offenders and adolescent males who sexually offend
- Authors:
- KUBIK Elizabeth K., HECKER Jeffrey E., RIGHTHAND Sue
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(3), 2002, pp.63-83.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Very little is known about adolescent females who commit sexual offenses. In this two-part exploratory study, a sample of 11 adolescent females with sexual offense histories is described. In Study I, the sample is compared to an age-matched sample of 11 adolescent females with non-sexual victim-involved offense histories. The sexually offending group had significantly fewer antisocial behaviour problems, such as alcohol or drug use problems, problems with fighting, or problems at school. They began their offense behaviours at younger ages than their non-sex offending delinquent peers. Few differences emerged with respect to attitudes about offense behaviors, such as level of denial. In Study II, the same sample of females with sex offense histories was compared with a group of age-matched adolescent males with sex offense histories. The two sex-offending groups were found to be remarkably similar. There were few differences with respect to psychosocial and criminal histories, antisocial behavior, and variables related to clinical presentation and treatment (e.g., level of denial about offense). Likewise, the two groups are remarkably similar with respect to specific sex offense behaviours. The females, however, appear to have experienced more severe and pervasive abuse compared to the males. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
Relationships between maternal adult attachment security, child perceptions of maternal support, and maternal perceptions of child responses to sexual abuse
- Authors:
- LEIFER Myra, KILBANE Teresa, SKOLNICK Linda
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(3), 2002, pp.107-124.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study assessed the relationships between maternal adult attachment style, children's perceptions of maternal support following disclosure of sexual abuse, and maternal perceptions of children's behavioural and emotional responses to sexual abuse among African-American child sexual abuse victims aged 4 to 12 (n = 96) and a comparison group of nonabused subjects (n = 100). Mothers with insecure attachment styles reported significantly higher rates of internalizing behaviors in their sexually abused children than did securely attached mothers. Among mothers of nonabused children, those with insecure adult attachment styles reported significantly higher rates of externalizing behaviours shown by their children in comparison with mothers with a secure adult attachment style. Mothers with insecure adult attachment styles also reported higher rates of overall behaviour problems in their nonabused children that approached statistical significance. Sexually abused children's perceptions of maternal support were not related to maternal attachment style nor to child functioning. Contrary to our prediction, mothers of sexually abused children did not show lower rates of secure attachments when compared to mothers of nonsexually abused children. The findings indicate that fostering parentchild attachment is important in order to decrease the risk for behaviour problems and symptomatology in sexually abused children. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-type behaviours among undergraduates and their relation to learning style
- Author:
- ALBAN-METCALF Juliette
- Journal article citation:
- Research in Education, 68, November 2002, pp.89-109.
- Publisher:
- Scottish Council for Research in Education
This article investigates the relation between characteristics associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and learning style among first-year undergraduate students. AD/HD was measured using a self-report instrument based on the D.S.M. IV criteria, and learning style was assessed using Biggs's Study Processes Questionnaire. Three hypotheses were proposed about the relation between AD/HD-type characteristics and (1) a `deep' approach to studying, (2) an `achieving' approach to studying and (3) a `surface' approach to learning. There was support for the first hypothesis in that there were statistically significant correlations between AD/HD factor 3 (hyperactivity/inattention) and the `deep' approach, and for the second hypothesis in that there were statistically significant correlations between factors 1 (inattention) and 3 and an `achieving' approach. The third hypothesis was not supported. The results are interpreted in the light of research into the nature and causes of AD/HD and the nature of styles of learning. The implications are discussed for educational provision for students with AD/HD, and areas for further research are identified.
People with dementia and their behaviour: 10 questions to consider; a brief guide for general practitioners to assist patient management
- Authors:
- JACKSON Graham, HOLLOWAY G
- Publisher:
- University of Stirling. Dementia Services Development Centre
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 25p.
- Place of publication:
- Stirling
Written for GPs this guide stresses that the behaviour of people with dementia does not happen in a vacuum. The 10 questions form a plan of action to assist patient management.