Search results for ‘Subject term:"comorbidity"’ Sort:
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A systematic review of parenting in relation to the development of comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Author:
- DEAULT Louise C.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41(2), April 2010, pp.168-192.
- Publisher:
- Springer Netherlands
- Place of publication:
- Netherlands
The majority of the 22 studies included in this narrative review focused on the association between family functioning and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in children with ADHD. The evidence suggests that parental psychopathology and family conflict are more strongly associated with these comorbidities than with ADHD symptoms but it is limited by the methodological variability of the studies. Very little research on internalising problems, such as depression or anxiety, or functional impairments was identified.
Children in psychodynamic psychotherapy: changes in global functioning
- Authors:
- ODHAMMER Fredrik, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 37(3), December 2011, pp.261-279.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
The aim of this study was to investigate if children's global functioning improves after psychodynamic psychotherapy. Data were collected as part of the Erica Process and Outcome Study. The sample consisted of 33 children aged 5-10 years who participated in psychodynamic psychotherapy with parallel work with parents. Twenty-nine children had at least one DSM-IV diagnosis, the most frequent of which were attention disorder and disruptive behaviour, and 15 children had comorbid conditions. The child was given 1 or 2 psychotherapy sessions per week from between 6 months to 2.5 years. Parents were expected to participate in their own psychotherapy at least once fortnightly. Child psychotherapists rated the children's global functioning using the measures the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and the Hampstead Child Adaption Measure (HCAM). The findings showed that the children’s global functioning improved substantially. However, no correlations were found between global functioning and different variables including age, gender, diagnosis, or number of sessions. In order to illuminate the complex connection between process and outcome, the study was complemented with 2 in-depth case studies where data were taken from questionnaires, completed by the child therapists every 3rd month. The analysis showed that important individual change, for example, attainment of formulated goals, was not always reflected in the change rated using the CGAS.
Mean girls and bad boys: recent research on gender differences in conduct disorder
- Authors:
- BERKOUT Olga V., YOUNG John N., GROSS Alan M.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(6), November 2011, pp.503-511.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
... and callousness. Furthermore the greater comorbidity with internalising disorders found among females may also be associated with a stronger risk of a range of negative outcomes. Implications for theory, treatment and research are discussed.
Psychosocial outcome and psychiatric comorbidity in older adolescents with Tourette syndrome: controlled study
- Authors:
- GORMAN Daniel A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(1), July 2010, pp.36-44.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The long-term course of Tourette syndrome is variable, but tics typically improve during adolescence such that by age 18 years up to 90% of individuals with Tourette syndrome have only mild tics or none at all. It is unclear, however, whether their psychosocial functioning improves by this age. This study aimed to compare psychosocial outcomes and lifetime comorbidity rates in older adolescents severity. The article concludes that clinically ascertained children with Tourette syndrome typically have impaired psychosocial functioning and high comorbidity rates in late adolescence.
Skin-Picking in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome: prevalence, functional assessment, and its comorbidity with compulsive and self-injurious behaviours
- Authors:
- DIDDEN Robert, KORZILIUS Hubert, CURFS Leopold M G
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(5), September 2007, pp.409-419.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are at increased risk for mental health and behaviour problems, such as skin-picking and compulsive behaviours. Prevalence and functional assessment of skin-picking, and its association with compulsive behaviour and self-injury, were investigated in a large group of individuals with PWS (n = 119) from the Netherlands. Data on demographic characteristics, skin-picking and compulsive and self-injurious behaviours were collected by questionnaires. Behavioural function of skin-picking was assessed by administering the Questions About Behavioral Function scale. Skin-picking was found in 86% of the sample, and correlated positively with compulsive behaviours. No associations were found between skin-picking and other variables. Functional assessment suggest that in most cases (i.e. 70%) skin-picking primarily had non-social functions. Skin-picking and compulsive behaviours are common in PWS. In most cases, skin-picking may be maintained by contingent arousal reduction. Controlled studies on behavioural treatment are lacking. Implications for treatment selection are discussed.
Associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: a prospective nationally-representative twin study
- Authors:
- STERN Adi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 81, 2018, pp.274-285.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child maltreatment has consistently been found to be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the robustness of this association and the direction of the link between maltreatment and ADHD remain unclear. We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2232 British twins, to investigate the associations between exposure to abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and in young adulthood, and to test their robustness and specificity. We also aimed to test longitudinal associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood, controlling for confounders. Results indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and also in young adulthood. In childhood, the association was concentrated among children with comorbid conduct disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that childhood ADHD predicted abuse/neglect in later years. This association was again concentrated among individuals with comorbid conduct disorder. Abuse/neglect in childhood was not associated with later ADHD in young adulthood after adjusting for childhood ADHD. Our study does not provide support of a causal link between child abuse/neglect and adult ADHD but highlights the possibility of a long-term effect of disruptive behaviors on the risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians treating people with ADHD, especially those with comorbid conduct disorder, to be aware of their increased risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. Interventions aimed at reducing risks of abuse/neglect should also focus on the environment of individuals with disruptive behaviors. (Edited publisher abstract)
Adaption the Incredible Years child dinosaur social, emotional, and problem-solving intervention to address comorbid diagnoses
- Authors:
- WEBSTER-STRATTON Carolyn, REID J. Jamila
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 3(3), November 2008, pp.17-30.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Young children who are referred to mental health agencies because of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct problems (CP) frequently have comorbid diagnoses or symptoms such as attention deficit disorder (ADD) with or without hyperactivity (ADHD), language/learning and developmental, or autism spectrum disorders. Research has show that the Incredible Years Child Dinosaur programme offered to children with comorbid issues is successful at reducing behaviour problems and increasing social and emotional competence. This article examines the was the Incredible Years Child Dinosaur programme is tailored to address the individual goals of each child so that the intervention is developmentally and therapeutically appropriate. It discusses group composition, as well as the importance of specific content and teaching methods for children with ADHD, academic and language delays and mild autism.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, comorbid depression, substance abuse, and suicide attempts: clinical presentations, assessments, and treatment
- Authors:
- ROBERTS Albert R., YAEGER Kenneth, SEIGEL Alan
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.145-167.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
... and treatment approaches to OCD, and depression, substance abuse, or psychotic episodes in comorbid presentation, where threats to the functioning and survival of the individual as well as complications in clinical treatment may arise because of the interplay of symptoms of OCD, substance abuse, brief psychotic episodes, and depression. Case illustrations are used to demonstrate effects of comorbidity
A DSM-IV Axis I comorbidity study of males (n = 120) with paraphilias and paraphilia-related disorders
- Authors:
- KAFKA Martin P., HENNEN John
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 14(4), October 2002, pp.349-366.
- Publisher:
- Sage
One hundred and twenty consecutively evaluated outpatient males with paraphilias (PAs) and paraphilia-related disorders (PRDs) were systematically assessed for certain developmental variables and DSM-IV-defined Axis I comorbidity. In comparison with the PRDs, the PA group was statistically significantly more likely to self-report a higher incidence of (but not sexual) abuse, fewer years
The TAPS project. 21: functional and organic comorbidity and the effect of cognitive and behavioural disability on the placement of elderly psychiatric inpatients - a whole hospital survey
- Authors:
- ANDERSON Jeremy, TRIEMAN Noam
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(11), November 1995, pp.959-966.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reports a survey by the Team for the Assessment of Psychiatric Services (TAPS) of all inpatients aged 70 years or more resident in Clayburn Hospital, London, for more than 12 months. Of 189 inpatients who completed the assessments, 142 (75%) showed unequivocal, severe cognitive disability. After controlling for age, sex and total length of inpatient stay, patients with a severe degree of reported behavioural problems were almost 23 times more likely to receive specialized psychogeriatric care than other patients. Issues related to measurement of cognitive disability across the disparate diagnosis groups are discussed.