Search results for ‘Subject term:"comorbidity"’ Sort:
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Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- VAN STEENSEL Francisca J. A., BÖGELS Susan M., PERRIN Sean
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), September 2011, pp.302-317.
- Publisher:
- Springer US
Meta-analysis of data from 17 studies revealed that 40% of young people with autistic spectrum disorders have comorbid anxiety disorders; the prevalence of specific anxiety disorder subtypes are also reported. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies. Some significant moderating effects were identified but caution is urged in interpreting the results. A number of limitations are discussed including the use of instruments to assess anxiety that were designed to be used in typically developing children.
A spectrum of obstacles: an inquiry into access to healthcare for autistic people
- Authors:
- CHRISTOU Emily, WESTMINSTER COMMISSION ON AUTISM
- Publisher:
- Westminster Commission on Autism
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 63
- Place of publication:
- Huddersfield
Final report of the Westminster Commission on Autism into the access to health care for people with autism which was chaired by Barry Sheerman MP. The report aims to highlight what good quality, person centred healthcare, tailored to the needs of those on the autistic spectrum, can achieve and calls for equal access to quality healthcare for all on the autistic spectrum. The report follows a seven-month inquiry and a consultation of over 900 people. The Commission collected evidence through four oral evidence sessions in the Houses of Parliament and through written submissions, telephone interviews, and 863 survey response from autistic people and parent-advocates. The inquiry identified seven main obstacles that people with autism encounter when accessing health care. These were: lack of understanding; autism and co-occurring conditions; co-occurring mental health issues; diagnostic overshadowing; sensory processing and communication; isolation, avoidance and neglect; and leadership. It also highlights the need for improvement in training and commissioning. The report makes six key recommendations to help improve access, these cover: training, inspection, data collection, annual health checks, leadership and the development of resources to help people with autism access health care services. (Edited publisher abstract)
The use of cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with autism spectrum disorders: a review of the evidence
- Authors:
- BINNIE James, BLAINEY Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Review Journal, 18(2), 2013, pp.93-104.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the evidence for the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with adults with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) in relation to reducing comorbid psychiatric symptoms and increasing social and communication skills. Comparison to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria identified seven relevant studies; these were subsequently critically appraised. The results of the appraisal were mixed with no definitive evidence supporting the review question. Basing assumptions on best evidence, it is suggested that CBT can help adults with ASDs decrease comorbid psychiatric symptomatology. However, there is little evidence that CBT can increase social and communicative functioning. The review concludes that there is a need for increased quantitative research in this area so that more substantial conclusions can be made. (Edited publisher abstract)
Service audit pilot report
- Author:
- McCUE Michael
- Publisher:
- Joint Improvement Team
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 16p.
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
The Scottish Government Mental Health Division established the National Co-Morbidity Working Group in 2007. The initial focus of this working group was on the use of in-patient and related services for people with a learning disability with mental health needs. This document provides an overview of efforts to expand the remit of the National Co-Morbidity Working Group to include a re-consideration of the scope of services for people with a learning disability, offending behaviour and autistic spectrum difficulties. A work plan was developed, which included the aim of identifying the most responsive models of service for this client group via a detailed analysis of existing international, national and local service models and key service model characteristics. The outcome of this modelling work was the development of a set of 22 Key Service Model Characteristics (KSMC), which appear to be predictive and reflective of responsive services for individuals with complex support needs. The KSMC was used to evaluate the quality and service governance processes of Turning Point Scotland (TPS). In addition, a workshop event was held with the Risk Management Team of TPS which aimed to evaluate the KSMC as a template for real service review and development.
Autistic spectrum disorder traits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Authors:
- KOCHHAR P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(1), January 2011, pp.103-110.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Current classification systems do not allow for a comorbid diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the diagnostic rules, many research studies have documented coexistence of ASD and ADHD. Children with ADHD are often screened for ASD during clinical assessment and when recruited to clinical trials. This study predicted that children with ADHD would have more autistic traits than controls and that certain traits would be more prevalent. The clinically referred sample consisted of 30 children with ADHD and 30 matched controls aged 9–15 years. Children were screened for ASD traits using the Social Aptitudes Scale (SAS) and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). The findings were that ASD traits were significantly higher in children with ADHD than controls. None of the children received a diagnosis of autism or ASD. However, a large proportion (28% using the SCQ and 62% using the SAS) of children with ADHD reached screening thresholds for a predictive diagnosis of ASD. Relative to controls, children with ADHD had significantly higher levels of communication and social deficits, but not repetitive behaviours. The article concludes that further work is needed to establish whether autistic-like communication and social difficulties in children with ADHD are part of the broader ASD phenotype or are specific to ADHD.
Impact of comorbid autism spectrum disorders on stimulant response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective and prospective effectiveness study
- Authors:
- SANTOSH P. J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 32(5), September 2006, pp.575-583.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In the recent past, psychiatrists and paediatricians have avoided prescribing stimulant medication, such as methylphenidate and dexamphetamine to patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) because of both doubts about efficacy and concern that these medications make stereotypies worse. Recently, a number of small trials have suggested that methyphenidate does have a role in the management of hyperactivity in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Children with ASD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and children with ADHD without ASD received standard treatment with methyphenidate from one specialist centre. A combination of standardized and novel outcome tools was used to allow both an exploratory retrospective study of 174 children and then a prospective study of a further 52 children to be carried out. After treatment with stimulants, the subjects in both groups showed statistically significant improvements in target symptoms of 'hyperactivity', 'impulsivity', 'inattention', 'oppositionality', 'aggression' and 'intermittent explosive rage'. The Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and efficacy index measures also improved in each group. In both the retrospective and the prospective studies, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of improvements between each group. Importantly, neither tics nor repetitive behaviours worsened in either group. Children in the 'ADHD-only' group who were prescribed stimulants experienced significant 'nausea', 'giddiness', 'headaches' and 'sleep difficulties', whereas sleep difficulties were the only side effect that emerged in children in the ASD with ADHD group. Both studies presented here support previous findings from smaller studies that show children with autism and ADHD can respond as well to stimulants as children with ADHD alone. Although randomized controlled trials remain the gold standard for efficacy studies, systems like this that allow clinicians to continue rigorous and consistent monitoring for many years have a valuable role to play. Furthermore, such monitoring systems which now exist electronically can easily accumulate large data sets and reveal details about long-term effectiveness and long-term side effects
Psychiatric telephone interview with parents for screening of childhood autism - tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidities (A-TAC): preliminary reliability and validity
- Authors:
- HANSSON Sara Lina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(3), September 2005, pp.262-267.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study tests a parent telephone interview focused on autism - tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other comorbidities (A-TAC). Parents of 84 children in contact with a child neuropsychiatric clinic and 27 control children were interviewed. Validity and interrater and test – retest reliability were assessed. The results found interrater and test – retest reliability were very good. The authors conclude that the A–TAC appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for identifying autistic spectrum disorder, ADHD, tics, learning disorders and developmental coordination disorder.
ASD, OCD and violence – a forensic case study
- Authors:
- EDWARDS Holly, HIGHAM Lorraine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 11(1), 2020, pp.1-8.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
... in violence, in addition to a comorbidity of ASD and OCD resulting in a more severe and treatment-resistant form of OCD. Originality/value: This paper highlights the challenges faced when working with a patient with Asperger’s syndrome and OCD with entrenched beliefs that lead to the use of violence as a compulsion to temporarily overcome unpleasant thoughts related to low self-esteem. (Publisher abstract)
Comorbid mental health disorders in children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders
- Author:
- GOBRIAL Ereny
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 13(5), 2019, pp.173-181.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Children and young people with comorbid intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are more likely to exhibit comorbid mental health disorders (MHD) and other significant behaviours (SB) in addition to the core symptoms of ASD. The purpose of this paper is to identify the prevalence of comorbid MHD and behaviours in children and young people with ID and ASD in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach: The Reiss scale for children’s dual diagnosis was administered by parents and teachers of 222 Egyptian children and young people with mild/moderate ID and ASD to screen for MHD and SB. The mean age of children and young people was 12.3 years (SD = 3.64), with 75.6 per cent male. Findings: The results revealed that 62.2 per cent of children and young people with ID and ASD had high rates of comorbid MHD and behaviour disorders were shown in 64.4 per cent of the participated children and young people. The results identified anger, anxiety and psychosis being the most frequently diagnosed disorders while crying spells and pica were the most SB. No differences were found between the male and female with ID and ASD in the current study. Research limitations/implications: Mental health assessment of children and young people with ID and ASD will help to highlight the needs of these vulnerable children and develop the appropriate services. Originality/value: The findings highlight the prevalence of MHD in children and young people with ID and ASD in Egypt. This has implications on the assessment of comorbid disorders and services needed for children with ID and ASD in Egypt. (Edited publisher abstract)
Characteristics of male autistic spectrum patients in low security: are they different from non-autistic low secure patients?
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 4(1/2), 2013, pp.24-32.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
... psychiatric comorbidity, most commonly schizophrenia, but unlike controls, personality disorder and drug and alcohol disorders were uncommon. Lifetime sexually inappropriate behaviour and physical violence were less common, as was non-compliance with medication. However, 78 per cent had a lifetime history of physical violence and a third had a conviction for GBH or homicide. Offending behaviour (Publisher abstract)